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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

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Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
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Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

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Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Relationship Between Lipotoxicity and HFpEF
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Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Andrew R Harper1, Hitesh C Patel2, Alexander R Lyon3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.

Clinical Medicine (London, England)
|April 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is common and complex, yet lacks targeted treatments. This review guides physicians on diagnosing, managing, and preventing HFpEF.

Keywords:
Heart failureejection fraction

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly prevalent.
  • HFpEF is characterized by preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (≥50%), diastolic dysfunction, and elevated natriuretic peptides.
  • Despite its rise, effective disease-modifying treatments for HFpEF are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide general physicians with a comprehensive overview of HFpEF.
  • To cover diagnosis, current management strategies, and prevention of HFpEF.
  • To address the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges posed by HFpEF.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current literature on HFpEF.
  • It focuses on diagnostic criteria and clinical presentation.
  • Management and prevention aspects are discussed based on existing evidence.

Main Results:

  • HFpEF diagnosis requires specific criteria including LVEF ≥50% and diastolic dysfunction.
  • Current management often involves addressing comorbidities and symptoms.
  • Preventive strategies focus on risk factor modification.

Conclusions:

  • HFpEF is a heterogeneous syndrome requiring careful diagnosis.
  • There is an urgent need for novel, disease-modifying therapies for HFpEF.
  • Physician education on HFpEF diagnosis, management, and prevention is crucial.