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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Optically-controlled bacterial metabolite for cancer therapy.

Di-Wei Zheng1, Ying Chen1, Zi-Hao Li1

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Engineered bacteria loaded with nano-photocatalysts enhance tumor targeting and therapy. This photo-controlled bacterial metabolite therapy (PMT) significantly inhibits tumor growth by boosting nitric oxide (NO) production.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Bacteria naturally accumulate in tumor microenvironments, offering potential for targeted drug delivery.
  • Current methods for enhancing bacterial tumor targeting lack sufficient stability and efficiency.
  • Developing novel strategies to improve bacterial therapeutic efficacy in tumors is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel strategy for enhancing bacterial tumor targeting and therapeutic efficiency using nano-photocatalysts.
  • To investigate the photo-controlled metabolic activity of engineered bacteria for cancer therapy.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of photo-controlled bacterial metabolite therapy (PMT) in a preclinical tumor model.

Main Methods:

  • Carbon nitride (C3N4) nano-photocatalysts were combined with Escherichia coli (E. coli) engineered to produce nitric oxide (NO).
  • The engineered bacteria were "charged" with C3N4 to enhance their metabolic activities under light irradiation.
  • The therapeutic efficacy of PMT was assessed in a mouse tumor model, monitoring tumor growth inhibition and NO production.

Main Results:

  • Light irradiation of C3N4-loaded E. coli significantly increased nitric oxide (NO) production by 37-fold through enhanced enzymatic reduction of nitrate.
  • C3N4-loaded bacteria demonstrated effective accumulation throughout the tumor microenvironment.
  • PMT treatment resulted in approximately 80% inhibition of tumor growth in the mouse model.

Conclusions:

  • Synthetic materials-remodeled microorganisms represent a promising approach to regulate tumor microenvironments and enhance therapeutic outcomes.
  • Photo-controlled bacterial metabolite therapy (PMT) offers a stable and highly efficient strategy for cancer treatment.
  • This approach highlights the potential of integrating nanotechnology with microbiology for advanced cancer therapies.