Frequency of pathogenic germline mutations in cancer susceptibility genes in breast cancer patients

In this study, we evaluated the incidence of pathogenic germline mutations in 30 breast cancer susceptibility genes in breast cancer patients. Our aim was to understand the involvement of the inherited mutations in these genes in a breast cancer cohort. Two hundred ninety-six female breast cancer patients including 4.5% of familial breast cancer cases were included in the study. 200 ng of genomic DNA was used to evaluate the pathogenic mutations, detected using Global Screening Array (GSA) microchip (Illumina Inc.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The pathogenic frameshift and nonsense mutations were observed in BRCA2 (10.9%), MLH1 (58.6%), MTHFR (50%), MSH2 (14.2%), and CYTB (52%) genes. Familial breast cancer patients (4.5%) had variations in BRCA2, MLH1, MSH2, and CYTB genes. 28% of patients with metastasis, recurrence, and death harbored mono/biallelic alterations in MSH2, MLH1, and BRCA2 genes. The results of this study can guide to develop a panel to test the breast cancer patients for pathogenic mutations, from Malwa region of Punjab. The screening of MSH2, MLH1, and BRCA2 should be carried in individuals with or without family history of breast cancer as these genes have been reported to increase the cancer risk by tenfold.