Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.

Parental Care

Parental Care

Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.

Parenting Styles

Parenting Styles

Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative...

Relationship with Parents: Attachment

Relationship with Parents: Attachment

Parent-child interactions lay the foundation for how we understand relationships throughout life. These interactions are not uniform across families; instead, they are shaped by a range of environmental, emotional, and behavioral factors unique to each caregiver-child dynamic. Social psychologists study these early relationships to understand how patterns formed in infancy influence social functioning and interpersonal behavior in adulthood.Attachment Theory and Early Relational ModelsJohn...

Influence of Parents and Peers on Identity

Influence of Parents and Peers on Identity

Adolescence is a pivotal period of identity formation, during which individuals begin to answer questions central to their sense of self, such as "Who am I?" and "Who do I hope to become?" Both parents and peers play critical roles in guiding adolescents through this complex developmental phase.
Parental Influence on Identity Development
Parents serve as primary guides and managers in an adolescent's life, offering support instrumental in decision-making and personal growth....

Distribution Reliability and Automation

Distribution Reliability and Automation

Distribution reliability in electrical power systems is critical for ensuring an uninterrupted power supply to consumers at minimal cost. According to IEEE Standard Terms, reliability is the probability that a device will function without failure over a specified time period or amount of usage. For electric power distribution, this translates to maintaining continuous power supply and addressing customer concerns over power outages. Several indices, as defined by IEEE Standard 1366-2012, are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Associations of food parenting practices in early childhood with dietary intake, BMI, and weight status in young adulthood: the KOALA Birth Cohort Study.

Nutrition journal·2026

Same author

Implementation support structure for the Dutch Health Promoting School program: a multiple case study.

Health promotion international·2025

Same author

Determinants of adherence to the Mediterranean diet among adults in Mediterranean countries: a systematic literature review.

Public health nutrition·2025

Same author

Real-world challenges in conducting lifestyle intervention research in mental healthcare: reflections from the MULTI+ trial.

Translational behavioral medicine·2025

Same author

An exploratory pre-post test evaluation of an online family cooking intervention: Up for Cooking.

Journal of nutritional science·2025

Same author

Barriers and facilitators of inpatients and healthcare professionals prior to the implementation of a Multidisciplinary Lifestyle-Focused Approach in the Treatment of Inpatients With Mental Illness (MULTI+): The MULTI+ Study II.

Implementation research and practice·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Published on: June 12, 2019

The Comprehensive Snack Parenting Questionnaire (CSPQ): Development and Test-Retest Reliability.

Dorus W M Gevers¹, Stef P J Kremers², Nanne K de Vries^3,4

¹Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands. dorus.gevers@maastrichtuniversity.nl.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

|April 28, 2018

Summary

Researchers developed the Comprehensive Snack Parenting Questionnaire (CSPQ) to assess a wide range of food parenting practices, particularly concerning children's snacking behavior. The CSPQ demonstrates good reliability for future research on child nutrition.

Keywords:

CSPQ children food parenting practices questionnaire reliability snack intake snacking

More Related Videos

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking IPL: Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking IPL: Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

Published on: December 14, 2012

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Published on: September 19, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Published on: June 12, 2019

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking IPL: Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking IPL: Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

Published on: December 14, 2012

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Published on: September 19, 2019

Area of Science:

Nutrition Science
Developmental Psychology
Behavioral Science

Background:

Existing food parenting instruments have a narrow focus.
There is a need for a comprehensive tool to measure diverse food parenting constructs.
Snacking behavior is a critical area in child nutrition that requires further study.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a comprehensive food parenting questionnaire.
To specifically address snacking behavior in children.
To provide a reliable instrument for studying food parenting practices.

Main Methods:

Development of the Comprehensive Snack Parenting Questionnaire (CSPQ) covering 21 constructs.
Assessment of test-retest reliability using intra-class correlation coefficients and percentage agreement.
Administration of the CSPQ to a sample of 66 Dutch parents.

Main Results:

The CSPQ demonstrated acceptable test-retest reliability for all items (ICC ≥0.41 or agreement ≥0.60).
The questionnaire is comprehensive yet brief, suitable for diverse research applications.
Psychometric characteristics of the CSPQ are considered sufficient based on the findings.

Conclusions:

The Comprehensive Snack Parenting Questionnaire (CSPQ) is a reliable instrument for measuring food parenting practices related to snacking.
The CSPQ facilitates research into unstudied questions about children's snack intake.
This tool can be used to explore interactions between food parenting, general parenting, and child characteristics.