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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Related Experiment Video

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Organotypic Tissue Model Systems for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions In Vitro
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Human tRNA-Derived Small RNAs Modulate Host-Oral Microbial Interactions.

X He1, F Li2,3, B Bor1

  • 11 The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Journal of Dental Research
|April 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human oral keratinocytes release transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) that inhibit the growth of the oral bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum. These host-derived tsRNAs may modulate microbial-host interactions in the oral cavity.

Keywords:
antimicrobialscross-domain interactionsmicrobial-host interactionoral microbiomesRNAstsRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Human-oral microbiota coevolution maintains homeostasis.
  • Small regulatory noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their role in host-microbe interactions.
  • Host transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are present in human saliva.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of human salivary tsRNAs in oral microbial-host interactions.
  • To identify specific tsRNAs that interact with oral bacteria.
  • To determine the functional impact of these tsRNAs on bacterial growth.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and selection of human salivary tsRNAs with sequence similarity to oral bacterial tRNAs.
  • Experimental induction of tsRNA release from human oral keratinocytes.
  • Assessment of tsRNA effects on the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus mitis.

Main Results:

  • Two human tsRNAs (tsRNA-000794 and tsRNA-020498) were identified with high sequence similarity to Fusobacterium nucleatum tRNAs.
  • Fusobacterium nucleatum presence induced exosome-mediated release of these tsRNAs from oral keratinocytes.
  • Both tsRNAs inhibited F. nucleatum growth, likely by interfering with protein biosynthesis, but did not affect Streptococcus mitis growth.

Conclusions:

  • Host-derived tsRNAs can modulate interactions with oral bacteria.
  • Specific tsRNAs may target and inhibit pathogenic oral bacteria like F. nucleatum.
  • This study provides initial evidence for the regulatory role of host tsRNAs in the oral microbial-host axis.