Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Resting Membrane Potential

The Resting Membrane Potential

Protein Networks

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...

What is a Mode?

What is a Mode?

The mode is one of the commonly used measures of a central tendency. It is defined as the most frequent value in a data set.
There can be more than one mode in a data set if multiple values have the same highest frequency. For instance, suppose that the Statistics exam scores of 20 students are: 50; 53; 59; 59; 63; 63; 72; 72; 72; 72; 72; 76; 78; 81; 83; 84; 84; 84; 90; 93. Here, the mode is 72, as it occurs most frequently, five times.
A data set with two modes is called bimodal. For example,...

Resting Membrane Potential

Resting Membrane Potential

The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is generated by differences in permeability of the membrane to various ions and the concentrations of these ions across the membrane.
The Inside of a Neuron is More Negative
The membrane potential of a cell can be measured by inserting a microelectrode into a cell and comparing the charge to a reference electrode in the extracellular fluid. The...

Resting Potential Decay

Resting Potential Decay

The resting membrane potential of a neuron (-70mV) is sustained due to the selective ion permeability of the membrane. At the resting potential, the membrane is slightly permeable to ions like sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) and highly permeable to potassium ions (K+). Differences in the ions' concentration inside the cell compared to the outside are maintained by membrane transport proteins like channels and pumps.
At rest, the K+ is the main ion that moves across the membrane...

Network Covalent Solids

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Circadian rhythmicity in prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response: A study of chronotype and time-of-day effects in young healthy adults.

Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)·2025

Same author

Chronotype and synchrony effects in human cognitive performance: A systematic review.

Chronobiology international·2025

Same author

Morningness and Conscientiousness: A Meta-analysis, Online Survey and Resting fMRI Study.

Journal of circadian rhythms·2025

Same author

Sleep Matters in Chronotype and Mental Health Association: Evidence from the UK and Germany.

Brain sciences·2024

Same author

Cognitive function and brain structure in COVID-19 survivors: The role of persistent symptoms.

Behavioural brain research·2024

Same author

Sleep quality mediates the association between chronotype and mental health in young Indian adults.

Npj mental health research·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity

Published on: July 1, 2014

Altered resting-state connectivity within default mode network associated with late chronotype.

Charlotte Mary Horne¹, Ray Norbury¹

¹Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, UK.

Journal of Psychiatric Research

|April 28, 2018

Summary

Late chronotype, or being a "night owl," is linked to a higher risk of depression. This study found reduced Default Mode Network (DMN) connectivity in the brain for individuals with a later chronotype.

Keywords:

Chronotype Default mode network Major depression Precuneus Resting state fMRI

More Related Videos

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Published on: August 5, 2014

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

Published on: December 28, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity

Published on: July 1, 2014

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Published on: August 5, 2014

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

Published on: December 28, 2010

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Chronobiology
Psychiatry

Background:

Late chronotype is associated with an increased risk of depression.
The neural mechanisms underlying this association require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between chronotype and functional connectivity within the Default Mode Network (DMN).
To explore potential neural mechanisms linking late chronotype to depression vulnerability.

Main Methods:

Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rsFMRI) was used in 46 healthy adults.
Independent Component Analysis (ICA) identified the DMN.
Non-parametric permutation tests assessed chronotype effects on DMN connectivity, controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

A significant positive correlation was observed between chronotype and DMN functional connectivity.
Later chronotype (lower rMEQ scores) was associated with decreased connectivity in the bilateral Posterior Cingulate Cortex (PCC) and precuneus.
These findings align with altered DMN connectivity observed in depressed individuals.

Conclusions:

Reduced DMN connectivity may partially explain the heightened depression risk in late chronotype individuals.
Altered DMN connectivity is a potential neural marker for depression vulnerability in at-risk populations.
Future research should explore the role of self-critical thoughts in this association.