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Trained immunity as a novel therapeutic strategy.

Vera P Mourits1, Jac Chm Wijkmans2, Leo Ab Joosten1

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Trained immunity, a reprogramming of innate immune cells, enhances responses to infections and can be involved in inflammatory diseases. Targeting its mechanisms offers novel therapeutic strategies for infections and chronic inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic reprogramming
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Innate immune cells can be reprogrammed by vaccinations or infections, leading to enhanced responses upon secondary infection, a process known as trained immunity.
  • Trained immunity plays a role in both protective immunity and inappropriate activation in inflammatory diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of targeting trained immunity mechanisms for therapeutic interventions.
  • To investigate how modulating trained immunity can impact secondary infections and inflammatory conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming in innate immune cells.
  • Investigating the role of trained immunity in infection and inflammation models.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that trained immunity enhances immune responses to heterologous re-infection.
  • Observed inappropriate activation of trained immunity in inflammatory diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Trained immunity presents novel therapeutic targets for both enhancing immunity against infections and reducing inflammation in chronic diseases.
  • Targeting immunologic, metabolic, or epigenetic mechanisms of trained immunity can lead to new therapeutic approaches.