Physical activity measured with wrist and ankle accelerometers: Age, gender, and BMI effects

Physical activity (PA) is associated with various aspects of physical and mental health and varies by age and BMI. We aimed to compare PA measures obtained with wrist and ankle accelerometers and characterize their associations with age and BMI. We assessed PA mean and PA variability (indexed by coefficient of variation (CV)) at daytime and nighttime periods for seven consecutive days (M = 152.90 h) in 47 healthy participants (18-73 years old, 21 females). Diurnally, mean PA for both ankle and wrist and CV of PA for ankle decreased from the first to the second half of daytime (p < 0.05). There were no differences in mean PA between wrist and ankle at any time-period (p > 0.2). CV of ankle PA at daytime was significantly higher than wrist PA (p < .0001). The opposite pattern was observed at nighttime (p < .0001). Pearson correlation analyses were performed to assess the associations between wrist (or ankle) PA and age and BMI. Mean daytime (but not nighttime) activity for wrist and ankle decreased significantly with age (p < .05). PA variability also decreased with age for wrist and ankle during daytime and for ankle during nighttime (p < .05). BMI was negatively associated with wrist daytime PA variability (p < .05). There were no gender effects on activity measures. These findings indicate that wrist and ankle mean PA measures were not significantly different but were significantly different (p < 0.5) for PA variability in both daytime and nighttime. Age-related decreases of PA-mean and variability were observed during daytime in wrist and ankle, whereas higher wrist daytime variability was inversely associated with BMI. These findings provide new insights into PA features in free-living environment, which are relevant for public health and may have implications for clinical assessment of neurodegenerative disorders impacting PA and their interaction with demographics.