Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Mixtures of Acids

Mixtures of Acids

The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
In a mixture of a strong acid and a weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions...

Mixtures of Acids

Mixtures of Acids

The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending on the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
In a strong and weak acid mixture, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions present in the solution. In contrast, the weak acid shows...

Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers

Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers

A racemic mixture, or racemate, is an equimolar mixture of enantiomers of a molecule that can be separated using their unique interaction with chiral molecules or media. Racemic mixtures are denoted by the (±)- prefix. This ‘optical rotation descriptor’ applies to the whole solution of a racemic mixture rather than a specific stereoisomer. Enantiomers typically have the same physical and chemical properties. Hence, they are not easily separable. However, enantiomers can exhibit...

Mixtures of Gases: Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures and Mole Fractions

Mixtures of Gases: Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures and Mole Fractions

Unless individual gases chemically react with each other, the individual gases in a mixture of gases do not affect each other’s pressure. Each gas in a mixture exerts the same pressure that it would exert if it were present alone in the container. The pressure exerted by each individual gas in a mixture is called its partial pressure.

Molecular Models

Molecular Models

Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.

The Bohr Model

The Bohr Model

Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Mycoponics: Controlled Bioproduction Utilizing Biophysical, Solid-State, Liquid Nutrient Delivery.

Biotechnology journal·2026

Same author

Expanding frontiers: harnessing plant biology for space exploration and planetary sustainability.

The New phytologist·2025

Same author

Critical investments in bioregenerative life support systems for bioastronautics and sustainable lunar exploration.

NPJ microgravity·2025

Same author

Hierarchical Bayesian linear mixed model to estimate variability in the thermal inactivation parameters for Listeria species.

Food microbiology·2025

Same author

Chronic Adaptation of the Coracohumeral Space and Subscapularis Tendon in Professional Baseball Pitchers.

Sports health·2024

Same author

Adaptive P-Splines for challenging filtering problems in biomechanics.

Journal of biomechanics·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cell Membrane Biophysics - Exploring Interactions and Challenges Through Experimental and Computational Approaches

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cell Membrane Biophysics - Exploring Interactions and Challenges Through Experimental and Computational Approaches

Published on: September 1, 2023

On the robustness of N-mixture models.

William A Link¹, Matthew R Schofield², Richard J Barker²

¹USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland, 20708, USA.

|April 28, 2018

Summary

N-mixture models estimate population size from counts but are sensitive to assumptions. Violating these assumptions, even slightly, can cause significant estimation bias, making additional data crucial for reliable population size estimates.

Keywords:

Bayesian P-value N-mixture model abundance estimation count data detection probability robustness

More Related Videos

Robust 3D DNA FISH Using Directly Labeled Probes

Robust 3D DNA FISH Using Directly Labeled Probes

Published on: August 15, 2013

A Workflow for Lipid Nanoparticle LNP Formulation Optimization using Designed Mixture-Process Experiments and Self-Validated Ensemble Models SVEM

A Workflow for Lipid Nanoparticle LNP Formulation Optimization using Designed Mixture-Process Experiments and Self-Validated Ensemble Models SVEM

Published on: August 18, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cell Membrane Biophysics - Exploring Interactions and Challenges Through Experimental and Computational Approaches

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cell Membrane Biophysics - Exploring Interactions and Challenges Through Experimental and Computational Approaches

Published on: September 1, 2023

Robust 3D DNA FISH Using Directly Labeled Probes

Robust 3D DNA FISH Using Directly Labeled Probes

Published on: August 15, 2013

A Workflow for Lipid Nanoparticle LNP Formulation Optimization using Designed Mixture-Process Experiments and Self-Validated Ensemble Models SVEM

A Workflow for Lipid Nanoparticle LNP Formulation Optimization using Designed Mixture-Process Experiments and Self-Validated Ensemble Models SVEM

Published on: August 18, 2023

Area of Science:

Ecology
Wildlife population monitoring
Statistical modeling

Background:

N-mixture models offer an alternative to mark-recapture for estimating population size and detection probability using count data.
These models do not require individual animal identification, making them appealing for certain wildlife studies.
However, N-mixture models are known to be sensitive to their underlying assumptions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of common assumption violations on N-mixture model inference.
To quantify the bias introduced by specific, realistic violations of N-mixture model assumptions.
To provide guidance on data collection for robust population size estimation.

Main Methods:

Simulated count data under scenarios with violations of N-mixture model assumptions.
Evaluated effects of double counting, unmodeled temporal variation in population size, and unmodeled temporal variation in detection probability.
Assessed the detectability of these violations using goodness-of-fit tests.

Main Results:

Small, realistic violations of N-mixture model assumptions can lead to substantial biases in population size and detection probability estimates.
The considered violations were often qualitatively small and difficult to detect with standard goodness-of-fit tests.
Bias in estimates was pronounced even with minor deviations from model assumptions.

Conclusions:

N-mixture models require careful consideration of their assumptions due to high sensitivity to violations.
Standard goodness-of-fit tests may fail to detect assumption violations that cause significant estimation bias.
For reliable population size estimates, especially in critical applications, collecting additional data like marked recaptures for direct detection probability estimation is recommended.