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Polynomial division is an essential algebraic process to simplify expressions and solve equations. Just as numerical division separates a number into quotient and remainder, polynomial long division partitions a polynomial into simpler components; in this context, the dividend is the polynomial being divided, the divisor is the expression dividing it, and the result is expressed in terms of a quotient and a remainder.The division begins by arranging the dividend and divisor in standard...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Analyzing Oxidative Stress in Murine Intestinal Organoids using Reactive Oxygen Species-Sensitive Fluorogenic Probe
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Imaging mycobacterial growth and division with a fluorogenic probe.

Heather L Hodges1, Robert A Brown1, John A Crooks2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new fluorescent probe (QTF) for real-time imaging of mycolyltransferase activity in mycobacteria. This probe visualizes cell envelope assembly, aiding in understanding bacterial growth and antibiotic resistance.

Keywords:
Ag85cell walllipidmycolic acidtuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Bacterial cell envelope biosynthesis is crucial for growth, division, and antibiotic resistance.
  • Understanding cell envelope assembly dynamics requires advanced imaging techniques.
  • Existing probes are limited to static imaging, hindering real-time analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel fluorogenic probe for continuous live cell imaging of mycolyltransferase activity in mycobacteria.
  • To visualize the spatial and temporal dynamics of cell envelope assembly.
  • To investigate the role of mycolyltransferases in bacterial cell construction.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a quencher-trehalose-fluorophore (QTF) probe, an analog of mycolyltransferase substrates.
  • Utilizing QTF for high-contrast, continuous live cell imaging in mycobacteria.
  • Analyzing QTF fluorescence to monitor mycolyltransferase activity and localization.

Main Results:

  • QTF enables continuous real-time imaging of mycolyltransferase activity.
  • Mycolyltransferase activity is heightened before cell division and localized to septa and cell poles.
  • The probe visualizes extracellular cell envelope assemblies, analogous to intracellular complexes.

Conclusions:

  • QTF is a valuable tool for live imaging of mycolyltransferase activity in mycobacteria.
  • The findings provide insights into the spatial-temporal dynamics of cell envelope assembly.
  • QTF can be used to detect and monitor mycobacteria in various environments.