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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Population size changes and selection drive patterns of parallel evolution in a host-virus system.

Jens Frickel1,2, Philine G D Feulner3,4, Emre Karakoc5

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Eco-evolutionary dynamics drive parallel evolution in algal-virus systems. Population size fluctuations significantly influence rapid genomic and phenotypic changes, increasing evolutionary repeatability.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Ecology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Predicting evolutionary repeatability is challenging.
  • Strong selection and large populations may promote parallel evolution.
  • Selection and population sizes are dynamic and interconnected.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate eco-evolutionary dynamics shaping parallel evolution.
  • Examine parallelism in algal-virus coevolution.
  • Understand the role of population size changes in rapid evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Studied replicated algal host populations coevolving with a virus.
  • Analyzed population size changes (ecology).
  • Assessed phenotypic and genomic parallelism.

Main Results:

  • High parallelism observed in population size dynamics and phenotypic traits.
  • Genomic parallelism shown by duplication of the same large region across replicates.
  • Significant novel sequence divergence also detected between replicates.

Conclusions:

  • Eco-evolutionary dynamics, particularly population size fluctuations, are key drivers of parallel evolution.
  • Population size changes can explain rapid genomic evolution and contribute to evolutionary repeatability.