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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys01:27

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Surveying is the art and science of mapping the earth's surface. It involves measuring distances, angles in horizontal or vertical directions, and levels to understand the shape and size of land features. Surveying techniques are essential for various tasks, such as identifying the levels of a land area with reference to a specific point, and mapping undulations and water bodies.There are two main types of surveying: plane surveys and geodetic surveys. Plane surveys assume the earth is flat,...
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Errors and Mistakes in Surveying01:19

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Errors and mistakes in surveying refer to inaccuracies in measurements and data recording. The errors are deviations from the actual value caused by human sensory limitations, equipment flaws, or environmental effects. These errors are typically unintentional and can result from the inherent imperfections in the instruments used, atmospheric conditions, or the observer’s inability to perceive exact measurements. On the other hand, mistakes are caused by the surveyor's lack of...
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Types of Surveys01:27

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Surveys are essential for marking property boundaries near water bodies. Different types of surveys are defined, each with its own function. Land surveys mark the property boundaries, while route surveys determine the position of properties on nearby highways. Topographic surveys create maps by capturing the three-dimensional features of the land. Hydrographic surveys focus on the shapes of underwater areas and the movement of streams through the properties. Mine surveys determine the relative...
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Survey Safety01:28

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Surveying near highways, rough terrain, or power lines involves significant risks. Working along highways is particularly dangerous and requires the use of warning signs and flagmen. It is safest to avoid working directly on roads and use offsets whenever possible. When highway work is unavoidable, it must follow all safety guidelines. Surveyors should wear bright clothing, such as orange reflective vests, to ensure visibility to motorists, coworkers, and hunters. In construction zones, wearing...
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Holter Monitor: 24-Hour Monitoring01:23

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Holter monitoring is a continuous electrocardiography (ECG) recording that tracks the heart's electrical activity over an extended period, generally 24 to 48 hours. This noninvasive diagnostic tool detects irregular heart rhythms that may not be captured during a standard ECG performed in a clinical setting.DeviceThe Holter monitor is a portable, small device connected to several electrodes on the patient's chest. These electrodes detect the heart's electrical signals and transmit them to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Methods for Image-based Surveys of Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Their Habitat Exemplified by the Drop Camera Survey for the Atlantic Sea Scallop
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Restricted working hours in Austrian residency programs : Survey results.

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  • 1CD Laboratory for the Restoration of Extremity Function, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

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|April 29, 2018
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Summary

New Austrian regulations limit medical doctors' working hours to 48 per week. While physician education is highly valued, opinions on how reduced hours impact training remain divided, presenting an opportunity for future physician involvement.

Keywords:
Arbeitszeitgesetz ÖsterreichAustrian surveyResidency programsSurvey on new working hours regulationsWorking hour restrictions

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Austrian medical regulations now align with European directives, limiting on-duty work hours to 48 per week.
  • This reduction in clinical work hours necessitates understanding the impact on medical education and training.
  • Physician and student perspectives on these changes are largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey medical students and staff at the Medical University of Vienna regarding on-job training.
  • To explore challenges and implications of restricted working hours on medical education.
  • To gauge opinions on the influence of reduced work hours on physician training.

Main Methods:

  • An internal survey was administered to M.D. and Ph.D. students and medical staff.
  • The survey utilized the MedCampus system for data collection.
  • Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.

Main Results:

  • Students (63.5%) and staff (36.5%) participated. Both groups highly valued continuous physician education.
  • Students identified limited time as a key challenge, while staff cited financial constraints for in-hospital education.
  • A significant portion (52.11%) remained undecided on whether restricted working hours positively influence education.

Conclusions:

  • Educating future medical doctors is a critical yet challenging task, especially with limited time and financial resources.
  • Despite challenges, survey participants deemed medical education highly important.
  • The undecided opinions on the impact of reduced working hours highlight an opportunity to involve future physicians in shaping medical training.