Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.6K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
33.6K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

131.7K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
131.7K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.2K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.2K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.3K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.3K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

17.5K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
17.5K
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

88.0K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
88.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Scaling Up Is Not the Same but Bigger: Overcoming (Some) Limitations in Enzymatic Decarboxylations in Rotating Bed Reactors in Deep Eutectic Solvents.

Organic process research & development·2026
Same author

Influence of Module Design and Concentration Polarization on Pore Size Determination for Nanofiltration Membranes.

Membranes·2026
Same author

Combination of a UPO-Based Epoxidation With a Subsequent Ring-Opening Reaction for the Synthesis of Amino Alcohols.

Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology·2026
Same author

Molar-Scale Phenolic Acid Decarboxylation Using Thermostable Biocatalysts and Enzyme-Compatible Deep Eutectic Solvents.

ChemSusChem·2025
Same author

Preparative Coupled Enzymatic Synthesis of L-Homophenylalanine and 2-Hydroxy-5-oxoproline with Direct In Situ Product Crystallization and Cyclization.

ACS omega·2025
Same author

One-pot hydroaminomethylation of an alkene under formation of primary amines by combining hydroformylation at elevated syngas pressure and biocatalytic transamination in water.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advances in Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy to Explore Multiphase Polymeric Systems
06:54

Author Spotlight: Advances in Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy to Explore Multiphase Polymeric Systems

Published on: June 23, 2023

1.4K

Recent developments in biocatalysis in multiphasic ionic liquid reaction systems.

Lars-Erik Meyer1, Jan von Langermann1, Udo Kragl2,3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany.

Biophysical Reviews
|April 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiphase systems using designer solvents like ionic liquids offer efficient biocatalysis. These advanced concepts simplify downstream processing for lab and industrial applications.

Keywords:
BiphasicEnzymeEquilibriumIonic liquidsReaction engineering

More Related Videos

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
09:44

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery

Published on: September 26, 2025

532
Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids
10:42

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 10, 2016

19.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advances in Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy to Explore Multiphase Polymeric Systems
06:54

Author Spotlight: Advances in Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy to Explore Multiphase Polymeric Systems

Published on: June 23, 2023

1.4K
Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
09:44

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery

Published on: September 26, 2025

532
Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids
10:42

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 10, 2016

19.0K

Area of Science:

  • Green chemistry
  • Biocatalysis
  • Chemical engineering

Background:

  • Ionic liquids are versatile designer solvents for biocatalysis.
  • Multiphase systems enhance reaction efficiency and catalyst recovery.
  • Current review focuses on recent advancements in multiphasic ionic liquid systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight recent achievements in multiphasic ionic liquid-based reaction concepts.
  • To discuss the potential of these systems for laboratory and industrial applications.
  • To emphasize the benefits of multiphase systems in simplifying downstream processing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on biphasic ionic liquid systems.
  • Analysis of supported ionic liquid phases.
  • Examination of thermo-regulated multi-component solvent systems (TMS).
  • Inclusion of polymerized ionic liquids.

Main Results:

  • Multiphase ionic liquid systems provide unique reaction conditions.
  • Supported ionic liquid phases offer enhanced catalyst stability and recovery.
  • Thermo-regulated multi-component solvent systems enable efficient separation.
  • Polymerized ionic liquids present novel opportunities for biocatalysis.

Conclusions:

  • Multiphase ionic liquid concepts are powerful tools for modern biocatalysis.
  • These systems offer significant advantages for downstream processing and scale-up.
  • Future applications in both laboratory and industrial settings are highly promising.