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Are suicide risk factors gender specific?

Joanna Maria Pawlak1, Izabela Miechowicz2, Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz1

  • 1Zakład Genetyki w Psychiatrii, Katedra Psychiatrii, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu.

Psychiatria Polska
|April 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Suicide attempts in patients with affective disorders are linked to 10 clinical factors, with significant differences observed between males and females regarding risk factors. Understanding these differences is crucial for targeted interventions.

Keywords:
genderrisk factorssuicide attempt

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Suicide is a significant clinical concern in psychiatric populations, particularly among individuals with affective disorders.
  • Identifying risk factors for suicidal behavior is essential for effective prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Previous research has indicated various sociodemographic, clinical, and familial factors associated with suicidal behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between 20 identified factors and suicidal behavior in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar affective disorder (BP).
  • To determine if the significance of these factors in predicting suicidal behavior differs between male and female patients.

Main Methods:

  • The study included 249 patients with MDD and 582 patients with BP.
  • Diagnostic assessment utilized the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I (SCID I) and the Operational Criteria Diagnostic Checklist (OPCRIT).
  • A questionnaire was employed to gather family history information.

Main Results:

  • Suicidal attempts were associated with family history of psychiatric disorders, affective disorders, substance abuse/dependence, and suicide attempts.
  • Specific depressive symptoms (guilt, worthlessness, early morning awakening) and psychotic symptoms were also linked to suicide attempts.
  • Having children was associated with suicide attempts in the overall group and males, but not females. Risk factors differed significantly between genders.

Conclusions:

  • Ten out of 20 analyzed factors were significantly associated with suicidal attempts in affective patients.
  • The predictive value of these factors for suicidal behavior varied between male and female patient groups in approximately half of the cases.
  • These findings underscore the importance of considering gender-specific risk factors in the assessment and management of suicidal behavior in affective disorders.