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Hemocyanin-derived phenoloxidase reaction products display anti-infective properties

Christopher J Coates1, James Talbot1

  • 1Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales UK.

Developmental and Comparative Immunology
|April 29, 2018
PubMed

Hemocyanin is a multi-functional protein located in the hemolymph (blood) of certain arthropods and molluscs. In addition to its well-defined role in oxygen transport, hemocyanin can be converted into a phenoloxidase-like enzyme. Herein, we tested the antimicrobial properties of horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) hemocyanin-derived phenoloxidase reaction products using broad ranges of phenolic substrates (e.g. l-DOPA) and microbial targets (Gram-positive/negative bacteria, yeast). The enzyme-catalysed turnover of several substrates generated (by)products that reduced significantly the number of colony forming units. Microbicidal effects of hemocyanin-derived phenoloxidase were thwarted by the inhibitor phenylthiourea. Data presented here further support a role for hemocyanin in invertebrate innate immunity.

Keywords:
Enzyme-substrate complexesHorseshoe crabsInnate immunityMelanogenesisMultifunctional protein

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