The enigmatic seminal plasma: a proteomics insight from ejaculation to fertilization

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Biology
• Proteomics
• Biomarker Discovery

Background:

• 'Omics' approaches are increasingly used for noninvasive diagnosis of male reproductive disorders.
• Proteomic studies have largely focused on spermatozoa, with less attention to seminal plasma.
• The role of seminal plasma beyond sperm transport is under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on seminal plasma proteome.
• To elucidate the role of seminal plasma in fertilization.
• To highlight the potential of seminal proteins as biomarkers.

Main Methods:

• Review of state-of-the-art discoveries in seminal plasma proteome research.
• Analysis of protein-protein interactions via exosomes (epididymosomes, prostasomes).
• Focus on seminal plasma's contribution to sperm function and fertilization.

Main Results:

• Seminal plasma contains diverse proteins crucial for sperm transport, protection, and maturation.
• Exosomes mediate the binding of seminal proteins to sperm, influencing function.
• Tissue-specific proteins in seminal plasma are identified as potential biomarkers.

Conclusions:

• Seminal plasma proteins are vital for male fertility and fertilization.
• Seminal proteome analysis aids in noninvasive diagnosis of male infertility.
• Targeting seminal proteome may enhance assisted reproductive technologies success rates.