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Related Concept Videos

Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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Wedges01:24

Wedges

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A wedge is a simple machine that serves various purposes, such as adjusting the elevation of structural or mechanical parts, providing stability for heavy objects, and splitting a body into two parts. This versatile tool can amplify an applied force, making it easier to manipulate large or heavy objects.
Consider using a wedge to lift a heavy slab. Here, the wedge functions by converting the applied force into a much larger force directed almost perpendicular to the initial force. This...
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Strong Acid and Base Solutions03:22

Strong Acid and Base Solutions

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A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
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Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions02:11

Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions

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This lesson defines the leveling effect in acidic and basic solutions and its role in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. It is essential to understand the competing nature of various species in a chemical system.
The Leveling Effect of a Solvent
A generic acid (HA) reacts with the generic base (B-) to yield the corresponding conjugate base (A-) and conjugate acid (HB):
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Solution Composition During Acid/Base Titrations01:17

Solution Composition During Acid/Base Titrations

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The titration of a weak acid with a strong base results in the formation of water and the conjugate base of the acid. For instance, titrating acetic acid with sodium hydroxide leads to the formation of water and sodium acetate. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate constitutes a buffer whose relative concentration at different stages of the titration is indicated by the α values, which represent percentages of the weak acid and its conjugate base.
The α0 and α1 values...
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Micropatterning Transmission Electron Microscopy Grids to Direct Cell Positioning within Whole-Cell Cryo-Electron Tomography Workflows
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Exemplar-based inpainting as a solution to the missing wedge problem in electron tomography.

Patrick Trampert1, Wu Wang2, Delei Chen3

  • 1German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence GmbH (DFKI), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Saarland Informatics Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.

Ultramicroscopy
|April 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel inpainting method to address missing data in electron tomography, significantly reducing artifacts and enhancing reconstruction quality for 3D imaging.

Keywords:
Dictionary-based approachesElectron tomographyInpaintingMissing wedgeTomographic reconstruction

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Area of Science:

  • Electron Microscopy and Imaging Science
  • Computational Imaging and Image Processing
  • Materials Science and Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Electron tomography (ET) is crucial for 3D structural analysis but often suffers from incomplete projection data.
  • Elongation artifacts along the beam direction, visualized as a 'missing wedge' in the Fourier domain, degrade tomogram quality.
  • Existing reconstruction algorithms struggle to fully compensate for these missing data artifacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a new method for handling incomplete projection data in electron tomography.
  • To mitigate the 'missing wedge' artifacts inherent in ET reconstructions.
  • To improve the quantitative and visual quality of 3D tomograms.

Main Methods:

  • An exemplar-based inpainting technique adapted from image processing is employed.
  • The method heuristically generates synthetic projection data for missing angular directions.
  • A dictionary-based approach is used to incorporate both structural and textural information into the synthetic data.
  • The technique is designed as a preprocessing step compatible with various tomographic reconstruction algorithms.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method successfully reduced characteristic 'missing wedge' artifacts in both synthetic and real-world ET datasets.
  • Visual inspection of reconstructions and Fourier power spectra confirmed artifact reduction.
  • Quantitative analysis demonstrated improved tomogram quality, evidenced by narrower full width half maximum (FWHM) measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The novel inpainting method effectively addresses incomplete projection data in electron tomography.
  • This approach significantly mitigates 'missing wedge' artifacts, leading to higher fidelity 3D reconstructions.
  • The technique offers a valuable preprocessing tool for enhancing the quality of electron tomograms across various applications.