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Related Concept Videos

Corrosion02:49

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The degradation of metals due to natural electrochemical processes is known as corrosion. Rust formation on iron, tarnishing of silver, and the blue-green patina that develops on copper are examples of corrosion. Corrosion involves the oxidation of metals. Sometimes it is protective, such as the oxidation of copper or aluminum, wherein a protective layer of metal oxide or its derivatives forms on the surface, protecting the underlying metal from further oxidation. In other cases, corrosion is...
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The corrosion of steel reinforcement within concrete is a process influenced by the material's inherent properties and external factors. The high pH level of around 13, provided by calcium hydroxide present in concrete, initially protects the steel reinforcement by promoting the formation of a passive iron oxide layer on its surface.
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Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Metal Corrosion and the Efficiency of Corrosion Inhibitors in Less Conductive Media
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What Factors Drive Taper Corrosion?

Robin Pourzal1, Hannah J Lundberg1, Deborah J Hall1

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.

The Journal of Arthroplasty
|April 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Corrosion in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a growing problem. Understanding corrosion mechanisms is crucial for preventing premature implant failure and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
adverse tissue reactionscorrosionfrettingmodular junctiontapertotal hip arthroplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Corrosion Engineering

Background:

  • Adverse local tissue reactions to corrosion products are a known cause of total hip arthroplasty (THA) failure.
  • The frequency of THA corrosion-related failures has increased in recent years.
  • Corrosion is multifactorial, influenced by implant, patient, and surgical factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key concepts for understanding and minimizing corrosion in THA devices.
  • To highlight areas requiring further research to prevent premature implant failure.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on modular junction corrosion mechanisms.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to in vivo corrosion.
  • Discussion of potential solutions and challenges.

Main Results:

  • No universal solution currently exists to prevent THA corrosion.
  • Key areas for investigation include micromotion prevention, implant alloy metallurgy, and the in vivo corrosive environment.
  • Unanticipated problems associated with corrosion also require consideration.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of modular junction corrosion mechanisms is imperative for preventing THA failure.
  • Addressing micromotion, optimizing implant metallurgy, and characterizing the in vivo environment are critical steps.
  • Further research is needed to mitigate the impact of corrosion and improve long-term implant survival.