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Area of Science:

  • Criminology
  • Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Drug courts are a key strategy for addressing substance use disorders and criminal behavior.
  • Understanding factors influencing recidivism is crucial for improving program effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors differentiating drug court graduates from terminators.
  • To examine individual and program factors associated with two-year post-program recidivism.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of secondary data from a stratified random sample of 534 drug court participants.
  • Examination of two-year post-program recidivism, defined as arrest, conviction, or incarceration.

Main Results:

  • Over one-third of graduates (37.6%) and nearly all terminators (95.3%) experienced recidivism within two years.
  • Factors associated with recidivism included age, outpatient treatment, marital status, psychiatric treatment history, substance use (cocaine, intravenous opiates), positive drug tests, and sanctions/therapeutic responses.
  • Age and outpatient treatment were particularly significant for program graduates.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification of at-risk individuals is possible using factors present at program entry and during participation.
  • Findings can inform resource allocation to improve post-program outcomes for drug court participants.