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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Morphometric Protocol for the Objective Assessment of Blastocyst Behavior During Vitrification and Warming Steps
Published on: February 28, 2019
Blastocyst vitrification, cryostorage and warming does not affect live birth rate, infant birth weight or timing of
Lucky Sekhon1, Joseph A Lee2, Eric Flisser2
1Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Klingenstein Pavilion 1176 Fifth Avenue 9th Floor, New York, New York, 10029, United States; Reproductive Medicine Associates of New York, 635 Madison Ave 10th Floor, New York, New York, 10022, United States.
Research Question:
Does vitrification and warming affect live birth rate, infant birth weight and timing of delivery?
Design:
Retrospective, cohort study comparing outcomes of donor oocyte recipient fresh (n = 25) versus vitrified (n = 86) euploid blastocyst transfers; donor oocyte recipient singleton live births from fresh (n = 100) versus vitrified (n = 102) single embryo transfers (SET); and autologous vitrified euploid SET (n = 1760) (cryostored 21-1671 days).
Results:
Group 1: fresh and vitrified-warmed blastocysts had similar live birth (OR 1.7; 95% CI 0.5 to 5.9), implantation (OR 0.9; 95% CI 0.2 to 3.9), clinical pregnancy (OR 3.4; 95% CI 0.9 to 13.0) and pregnancy loss (OR 1.2; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.4); group 2: low birth weight (OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.1 to 1.6) and preterm delivery (0.99; 95% CI 0.4 to 2.3) rates were similar in fresh and vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfers; group 3: cryostorage duration did not affect live birth (OR 1.0; 95% CI 1.0 to 1.0), implantation (OR 1.0; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.01), clinical pregnancy (OR 1.0; 95% CI 1.0 to 1.0]), pregnancy loss (OR 0.99; 95% CI 1.0 to 1.0), birth weight (β = -15.7) or gestational age at delivery (β = -0.996).
Conclusions:
Vitrification and cryostorage (up to 4 years) are safe and effective practices that do not significantly affect clinical outcome after embryo transfer.
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