Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers
Published on: November 9, 2019
[Current situation of the organisation, resources and activity in paediatric cardiology in Spain]
Francisco Sánchez Ferrer1, Francisco José Castro García2, Javier Pérez-Lescure Picarzo3
1Hospital Universitario de San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, España. Grupo de Trabajo de Cardiología Clínica y Registros de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología y Cardiología Pediátrica y Cardiopatías congénitas.
Insights
This study assesses pediatric cardiology in Spain, finding adequate diagnostic and treatment resources across most centers. Recommendations include establishing a national registry to track procedures and clinical outcomes for improved care.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Pediatrics
- Healthcare Organization
Background:
- Presents the current state of pediatric cardiology in Spain.
- Focuses on organization, resources, and activities.
- Promoted by the Spanish Society of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the current situation of pediatric cardiology in Spain.
- To evaluate resources, organization, and activity levels.
- To identify areas for improvement in pediatric cardiac care.
Main Methods:
- A nationwide survey using a specifically designed questionnaire.
- Distributed to all hospitals offering pediatric cardiology services.
- Analysis of 86 returned questionnaires from participating hospitals.
Main Results:
- 190 pediatric cardiology consultants and 40 cardiac surgeons identified.
- Adequate initial diagnostic equipment available in all centers.
- Tertiary centers are equipped for complex procedures, interventional cardiology, and cardiac surgery.
- Slight decrease in closed cardiac surgeries, with an increase in therapeutic catheterizations.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric cardiology in Spain is provided by trained consultants.
- Most units possess adequate diagnostic and treatment capabilities.
- A national registry is recommended for prospective quantification and outcome analysis.
Introduction:
The results are presented on the «current situation of the organisation, resources and activity in paediatric cardiology in Spain». It was promoted by the Spanish Society of Paediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart disease.
Material And Methods:
An analysis was carried out on the results obtained from a specifically designed questionnaire, prepared by the Spanish Society of Paediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart disease, that was sent to all hospitals around the country that offer the speciality of paediatric cardiology.
Results:
A total of 86 questionnaires were obtained, including 14 hospitals that perform cardiac surgery on children. A total of 190 paediatric cardiology consultants, 40 cardiac surgeons, and 27 middle grade doctors performing their paediatric residency (MIR program) were identified. All hospitals had adequate equipment to perform an optimal initial evaluation of any child with a possible cardiac abnormality, but only tertiary centres could perform complex diagnostic procedures, interventional cardiology, and cardiac surgery. In almost all units around the country, paediatric cardiology consultants were responsible for outpatient clinics and hospital admissions, whereas foetal cardiology units were still mainly managed by obstetricians. The number of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures was similar to those reported in the first survey, except for a slight decrease in the total number of closed cardiac surgery procedures, and a proportional increase in the number of therapeutic catheterisations.
Conclusions:
Paediatric Cardiology in Spain is performed by paediatric cardiology consultants that were trained initially as general paediatricians, and then completed a paediatric cardiology training period. Almost all units have adequate means for diagnosis and treatment. Efforts should be directed to create a national registry that would not only allow a prospective quantification of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, but also focus on their clinical outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
Short-distance Transport of Resources
Electrical Current
Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources
Current Density
Eddy Currents
Other major applications of eddy currents appear in metal detectors and the braking systems of trains and roller...
Displacement Current

