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HPV: Molecular pathways and targets.

Shilpi Gupta1, Prabhat Kumar1, Bhudev C Das1

  • 1Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) drive cervical cancer by altering cell signaling pathways. Understanding these molecular mechanisms offers new targets for early detection, prevention, and treatment of HPV-associated cancers.

Keywords:
AP-1Cervical cancerHPV E6/E7Human papillomaviruses (HPVs)MicroRNA and cancer stem cellsNF-κBPhosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathwayTranscription factorWnt/β-catenin/Notch pathwayYY1

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are essential for cervical cancer development, often requiring additional co-factors.
  • Persistent HPV infection leads to overexpression of E6 and E7 oncoproteins, driving cellular transformation.
  • Key signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin/Notch and PI3K/Akt are deregulated in HPV-induced cancers, contributing to cancer hallmarks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss molecular signaling pathways activated by HPV.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for early detection and prevention of HPV-associated cancers.
  • To explore novel therapeutic targets for treating HPV-positive cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of molecular mechanisms underlying HPV-induced carcinogenesis.
  • Analysis of cellular signaling pathways targeted by HPV oncoproteins.
  • Examination of current and emerging treatment strategies for cervical cancer.

Main Results:

  • HPV utilizes E6 and E7 oncoproteins to manipulate cellular pathways, promoting proliferation and immune evasion.
  • Deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin/Notch and PI3K/Akt pathways is critical in HPV-driven tumorigenesis.
  • Disruption of cell cycle control, immune response, and stem cell markers are observed in cervical cancer development.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding HPV-activated molecular pathways is crucial for developing diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
  • Targeting HPV oncoproteins and deregulated signaling pathways offers potential for effective cancer therapies.
  • Innovations in molecular biology provide new perspectives for early detection, prevention, and treatment of HPV-associated cancers.