Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 11, 2026
Comparing Bibliometric Analysis Using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Databases
Published on: October 24, 2019
Risk Factors, Geographic Distribution, and Healthcare Burden of Symptomatic Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in
Kengo Inagaki1, Chad Blackshear2, April Palmer1
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.
Insights
Symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) disproportionately affects Black infants and those in the South/West US. Healthcare costs for cCMV cases have significantly increased, highlighting a substantial public health burden.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Neonatal Health
- Public Health Surveillance
Background:
- Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is a leading infectious cause of birth defects.
- Understanding risk factors and healthcare utilization for symptomatic cCMV is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze risk factors, geographic distribution, length of hospital stay, and total charges associated with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV).
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of US pediatric hospital discharge data (2000-2012) using the Kids' Inpatient Database.
- Identification of symptomatic cCMV cases using ICD-9-CM code 771.1.
- Multivariable logistic regression for demographic associations and linear regression for temporal trends; charges adjusted for inflation.
Main Results:
- Symptomatic cCMV was linked to non-Hispanic Black race, government insurance, and birth in the American South and West.
- In-hospital mortality and preterm birth rates remained stable.
- Mean total charges per case doubled from 2000 to 2006, then plateaued.
- Length of stay varied significantly across years.
Conclusions:
- Symptomatic cCMV is associated with specific racial and geographic factors, indicating health disparities.
- The significant healthcare costs and prolonged hospitalizations underscore the substantial burden of symptomatic cCMV.
Objective:
To assess risk factors, geographic distribution, length of stay, and total charges per case of symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV).
Study Design:
We performed retrospective analyses of serial cross-sectional data using the Kids' Inpatient Database, a nationally representative sample of US pediatric hospital discharges, from 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012. Symptomatic cCMV was identified via use of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 771.1 among records with in-hospital birth that were accompanied by 1 or more characteristic symptoms. Demographic characteristics were compared with multivariable logistic regression. Temporal trend was assessed using linear regression. Charges were adjusted for inflation to 2012 US dollars.
Results:
We identified 1349 cases of symptomatic cCMV (SE 56). Symptomatic cCMV was associated with non-Hispanic black race (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.37-2.10), government-sponsored insurance (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.34-2.83), and birth in the American South and West (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.35-2.09 and OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.23-2.09, respectively). In-hospital mortality and preterm birth rate ranged from 3.2%-6.8% and 50.4%-59.2%, respectively, without temporal changes. The geometric mean of total charges per case doubled from $45 771 (SE $8509) in 2000 to $89 846 (SE $10 358) in 2006 (P = .002) but did not change from 2006 to 2012. Length of stay in days was 15 (IQR 8-22) in 2000, 27 (IQR, 9-51) in 2009, and 18 (IQR, 8-47) in 2012.
Conclusions:
Symptomatic cCMV was associated with non-Hispanic black race, low socioeconomic status, and birth in the American South and West and resulted in substantial healthcare burden.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
01:22Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
01:19Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Miscellaneous Factors
Age plays a significant role due to differences in body composition among different age groups. Infants, for instance, have a higher proportion of total body water and lower albumin levels, a protein that binds drugs in the bloodstream. This unique composition in infants enhances the...
01:26Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.
02:13The Representativeness Heuristic
01:30Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Tissue Permeability
Small molecules with a molecular weight below 500 to 600 Daltons can easily pass through the capillary membrane, gaining access to different tissues. Larger...