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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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The Angiosperm Life Cycle02:39

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Plants have a life cycle split between two multicellular stages: a haploid stage—with cells containing one set of chromosomes—and a diploid stage—with cells containing two sets of chromosomes. The haploid stage is the gamete-producing gametophyte, and the diploid stage is the spore-producing sporophyte.
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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
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Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
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The Sequenced Angiosperm Genomes and Genome Databases.

Fei Chen1, Wei Dong1, Jiawei Zhang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|May 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details angiosperm genome databases, highlighting single-species, clade-specific, and multi-species types. A comprehensive database is proposed to advance plant biology research.

Keywords:
angiosperm genomesbig datacomparative genomicsdata sharinggenome database

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Angiosperms (flowering plants) are vital for life on Earth, providing essential resources and influencing evolution.
  • Despite advances in sequencing, a comprehensive review of angiosperm genome databases and data sharing is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing angiosperm genome databases, categorizing them into single-species, clade-specific, and multi-species types.
  • To discuss the scope, tools, data, and features of each database category.
  • To propose the development of a comprehensive angiosperm genome database.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published angiosperm genome databases.
  • Analysis of database scope, available tools, data content, and features.
  • Comparative assessment of different database types.

Main Results:

  • Identified three major types of angiosperm genome databases: single-species, clade-specific, and multi-species.
  • Highlighted the strengths of single-species/clade databases for specific research and comprehensive databases for large-scale studies.
  • Noted the limited coverage of flowering plants across existing databases.

Conclusions:

  • Existing angiosperm genome databases cater to specific research needs but lack comprehensive coverage.
  • A unified, comprehensive database is crucial for large-scale comparative genomics and collaborative plant biology research.
  • Developing such a database will facilitate addressing major scientific questions in angiosperm genomics.