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A concise guide to clinical reasoning.

Patrick Daly1

  • 1Lonergan Institute at Boston College, Boston College, Bapst Library 308, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.

Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
|May 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a new model for clinical reasoning, integrating diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions. It offers a structured approach to understanding clinical expertise and ethical healthcare practices.

Keywords:
diagnosisepistemologyexperiencephilosophy of medicinevalue

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Philosophy of Medicine
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Clinical reasoning is complex, with ongoing debate about diagnosis, data use (patient-specific vs. population-based), and the role of virtue in expertise.
  • Existing models may not fully integrate the multifaceted aspects of clinical decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel model of clinical reasoning.
  • To integrate the processes of diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic decision-making.
  • To provide a methodical framework for studying clinical reasoning and related concepts.

Main Methods:

  • The study employs Bernard Lonergan's generalized empirical method, emphasizing both the investigator (subject) and the subject matter (object).
  • It identifies structured operations of knowing and doing, linking them to a self-correcting learning cycle.
  • Correlates levels of inquiry (what-is-going-on, what-to-do) with practical and theoretical elements of clinical reasoning.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive model of clinical reasoning is proposed, unifying diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
  • The model highlights the interplay between theoretical knowledge and practical application in healthcare.
  • It establishes a framework for analyzing the components of clinical expertise and virtuous practice.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model offers a systematic method for investigating clinical reasoning processes.
  • It provides a foundation for understanding the nature of clinical data, expertise, and ethical healthcare.
  • This framework can advance research into improving diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic decision-making.