Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

10.6K
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
10.6K
Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions01:21

Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions

351
In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
Other key practices include keeping masonry units...
351
Hot Weather Concreting01:20

Hot Weather Concreting

319
Concreting at elevated temperatures accelerates the hydration process, leading to quicker setting but potentially reducing the long-term strength of the concrete structure. Additionally, low air humidity fosters rapid moisture loss from the concrete, resulting in reduced workability, pronounced plastic shrinkage, and a higher likelihood of crazing.
Mitigating the heat increase in concrete can be economically achieved by shading aggregate stockpiles to prevent heating from solar radiation,...
319
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

14.9K
Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
14.9K
Cold Weather Concreting01:27

Cold Weather Concreting

389
When freshly poured concrete is exposed to freezing temperatures before it has set, the water within the concrete can freeze. This expansion disrupts the setting process, delays chemical reactions necessary for hardening, and increases the volume of pores within the hardened concrete, which weakens its overall structure. If the concrete manages to reach an appreciable strength before it freezes, the damage can be somewhat mitigated.
To counteract the negative impacts of cold weather, ensuring...
389
Block Diagram Reduction01:22

Block Diagram Reduction

572
The process of deriving the transfer function of a control system often involves reducing its block diagram to a single block. This simplification can be achieved through a series of strategic operations, including relocating branch points and comparators. These operations preserve the overall function of the system while allowing for easier manipulation and combination of blocks.
The first step in this process is the identification and relocation of a branch point. A branch point, where a...
572

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Network methods for diagonal integration of unpaired single-cell multiomics data: a review.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine cohort: prospectively collecting real-world data to improve care and quality of life for patients with a rare cancer.

Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden)·2026
Same author

In vitro models of cell competition: current approaches and future directions.

Oncogene·2026
Same author

Malignancies of the small intestine: incidence and trends in a nationwide registry.

Cancer epidemiology·2025
Same author

Molecular Classification of Resected Primary Duodenal Adenocarcinoma.

Genes, chromosomes & cancer·2025
Same author

An old spice with new tricks: Curcumin targets adenoma and colorectal cancer stem-like cells associated with poor survival outcomes.

Cancer letters·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
06:54

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

14.5K

Turning Cold Tumors Hot by Blocking TGF-β.

Xavier Romero Ros1, Louis Vermeulen1

  • 1Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Trends in Cancer
|May 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Novel therapies target colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. Inhibiting transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) enhances T cell responses, offering a promising strategy to combat advanced CRC and prevent its spread.

Keywords:
CMS4TGF-βcolorectal cancerimmunotherapymesenchymal subtypemetastasis

More Related Videos

Spheroid Assay to Measure TGF-β-induced Invasion
09:18

Spheroid Assay to Measure TGF-β-induced Invasion

Published on: November 16, 2011

22.5K
Live Cell Imaging of the TGF- β/Smad3 Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo Using an Adenovirus Reporter System
11:06

Live Cell Imaging of the TGF- β/Smad3 Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo Using an Adenovirus Reporter System

Published on: July 30, 2018

11.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
06:54

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

14.5K
Spheroid Assay to Measure TGF-β-induced Invasion
09:18

Spheroid Assay to Measure TGF-β-induced Invasion

Published on: November 16, 2011

22.5K
Live Cell Imaging of the TGF- β/Smad3 Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo Using an Adenovirus Reporter System
11:06

Live Cell Imaging of the TGF- β/Smad3 Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo Using an Adenovirus Reporter System

Published on: July 30, 2018

11.1K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Metastasis

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis remains a significant challenge with poor patient outcomes.
  • Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a key mediator in CRC progression and metastasis.
  • Current therapeutic options for metastatic CRC are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of TGF-β in colorectal cancer metastasis.
  • To evaluate the potential of TGF-β inhibition as an anticancer therapy.
  • To determine the impact of TGF-β inhibition on the tumor immune microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized preclinical models of colorectal cancer metastasis.
  • Administered TGF-β inhibitors to assess their therapeutic effects.
  • Analyzed changes in the immune cell populations, specifically cytotoxic T cells, within the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • Inhibition of TGF-β effectively suppressed colorectal cancer metastasis.
  • TGF-β blockade led to a significant enhancement of cytotoxic T cell responses against tumor cells.
  • This suggests a mechanism where TGF-β normally suppresses anti-tumor immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting TGF-β represents a promising immunogenic therapy for colorectal cancer.
  • Inhibiting TGF-β can overcome immune suppression and promote anti-tumor immunity.
  • This approach holds potential for improving treatment outcomes in patients with metastatic CRC.