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New Therapies in Head and Neck Cancer
Rodell T Santuray1, Daniel E Johnson2, Jennifer R Grandis2
1School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Abstract:
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignancy with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Beginning with cetuximab, investigators continue to optimize antibody technology to target cell-surface receptors that promote HNSCC growth. Small molecules and oligonucleotides have also emerged as therapeutic inhibitors of key receptor-mediated signaling pathways. Although many such therapies have been disappointing in clinical trials as single agents, they continue to be studied in combination with standard therapies. Approvals of pembrolizumab and nivolumab opened a new era of immunotherapy that aims to stimulate antitumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Immunotherapies are being intensively investigated in new HNSCC clinical trials, with the goal of optimizing the therapeutic potential of this new class of anticancer agent.
Insights
Researchers are exploring new treatments for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), including targeted therapies and immunotherapies, to improve patient outcomes for this common cancer.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) presents significant mortality and morbidity.
- Current research focuses on targeting cell-surface receptors and signaling pathways crucial for HNSCC progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advancements in therapeutic strategies for HNSCC.
- To highlight the evolving role of antibody technology, small molecules, oligonucleotides, and immunotherapy in HNSCC treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on HNSCC therapies.
- Analysis of clinical trial data for targeted agents and immunotherapies.
- Examination of mechanisms of action for novel therapeutic classes.
Main Results:
- Targeted therapies (e.g., cetuximab) and pathway inhibitors show promise, often in combination regimens.
- Immunotherapies (e.g., pembrolizumab, nivolumab) have initiated a new treatment paradigm by harnessing antitumor immunity.
- Many novel agents have faced challenges as single agents but are being re-evaluated in combination studies.
Conclusions:
- Optimizing antibody technology and small molecule inhibitors remains critical.
- Immunotherapy represents a significant advancement, with ongoing trials focused on maximizing its potential in HNSCC.
- Combination strategies are key to overcoming limitations of individual therapies and improving HNSCC treatment outcomes.
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