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Wendy L Bennett1, Renee F Wilson1, Allen Zhang1

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Rigorous evaluation of obesity prevention initiatives is crucial. This review identified numerous studies, highlighting the need for improved methods in natural experiments to combat the obesity pandemic.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health and Epidemiology
  • Health Policy and Management
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • The global obesity pandemic necessitates robust research methodologies.
  • Natural experiments are vital for evaluating interventions.
  • Understanding the impact of policies and environmental changes on obesity is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and categorize studies on obesity prevention and control interventions.
  • To analyze the methodologies employed in these studies, particularly natural experiments.
  • To describe the methods used in evaluating programs, policies, and built environment changes.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EconLit from January 2000 to August 2017.
  • Included were natural experiments and experimental studies assessing obesity-related interventions in US and non-US populations.
  • Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers.

Main Results:

  • 294 studies were identified, with 156 (53%) being natural experiments and 118 (40%) experimental studies.
  • A majority of natural experiments (35%) used cross-sectional comparisons, and most exhibited a high risk of bias.
  • Studies reported on childhood and adult weight, physical activity, and dietary measures, utilizing linked data systems.

Conclusions:

  • Numerous diverse studies evaluating obesity prevention initiatives were identified.
  • The findings underscore a significant need for methodological and analytical advancements in evaluating such interventions.
  • Strengthening the evaluation of obesity prevention and control strategies is essential.