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As early chemists discovered more elements, they realized that various elements could be grouped by their similar chemical behaviors. One such grouping includes lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). All of these elements are shiny, conduct heat and electricity well, and have similar chemical properties. A second grouping includes calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba), which also are shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, and have chemical properties in common. However,...
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The concept of effective value, the root mean square (RMS) value, is crucial in understanding electrical circuits and power delivery. This idea emerges from the necessity to measure the effectiveness of a voltage or current source in supplying power to a resistive load.
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Elements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. There are 118 known elements, but not all of these are naturally occurring, and only a few of them are essential for life. Living matter is composed primarily of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, with smaller amounts of other elements like calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur. Other elements are also necessary for life but only in trace amounts.
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Molecular Entanglement and Electrospinnability of Biopolymers
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Interpenetrating Nets: Ordered, Periodic Entanglement.

Stuart R Batten1, Richard Robson1

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052 (Australia), Fax: (+61) 3-9347-5180.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Many solid-state structures feature interpenetrating nets, including polymeric and coordination polymers. This study systematically examines these interpenetrating nets and their crystal engineering implications.

Keywords:
Coordination polymersCrystal engineeringHydrogen bondsInterpenetrating structuresSupramolecular chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Interpenetrating nets are common in crystalline materials.
  • These structures involve multiple independent networks interwoven within the same crystal lattice.
  • Examples include polymeric nets, hydrogen-bonded nets, and coordination polymers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically examine various types of interpenetrating nets.
  • To discuss the implications of interpenetration for crystal engineering.
  • To provide a detailed analysis of these complex solid-state architectures.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic examination of known solid-state structures containing interpenetrating nets.
  • Analysis of structural features, including dimensionality and network topology.
  • Discussion of crystal engineering principles related to interpenetration.

Main Results:

  • Identified and classified diverse examples of interpenetrating one-, two-, and three-dimensional nets.
  • Demonstrated the prevalence of interpenetration in polymeric, hydrogen-bonded, and coordination polymer systems.
  • Illustrated interpenetration using examples like interwoven diamondlike nets.

Conclusions:

  • Interpenetration is a significant structural motif in solid-state chemistry.
  • Understanding interpenetrating nets is crucial for designing novel crystalline materials.
  • This phenomenon offers opportunities for advanced crystal engineering applications.