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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.6K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
33.6K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

131.7K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
131.7K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.2K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.2K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.3K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.3K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

17.5K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
17.5K
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

88.0K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
88.0K

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Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids
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A Self-Replicating Peptide under Ionic Control.

Shao Yao1, Indraneel Ghosh1, Reena Zutshi1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (USA), Fax: (+1) 765-494-0239.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peptide K1K2 undergoes autocatalytic chemical coupling at high salt concentrations, forming a coiled-coil structure that acts as a template. This self-catalyzed reaction requires the coiled-coil conformation for efficient peptide bond formation.

Keywords:
Bioorganic chemistryPeptidesSelf-replicationTemplate synthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Chemical Biology
  • Peptide Chemistry

Background:

  • Peptide synthesis is crucial for various biological and chemical applications.
  • Autocatalysis offers efficient reaction pathways by utilizing products as catalysts.
  • Understanding peptide conformation is key to controlling their function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the autocatalytic chemical coupling of peptide fragments K1 and K2.
  • To determine the role of peptide conformation in the autocatalytic process.
  • To explore the influence of salt concentration on peptide coupling and structure.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical coupling of peptide fragments K1 and K2.
  • Analysis of peptide conformation using helical wheel diagrams.
  • Varying sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) concentrations to study reaction conditions.

Main Results:

  • Autocatalytic chemical coupling of K1K2 was observed at high NaClO4 concentrations (1 M).
  • The peptide K1K2 adopted a coiled-coil conformation under these conditions.
  • Disruption of the coiled-coil conformation prevented autocatalysis, indicating its templating role.

Conclusions:

  • The coiled-coil conformation of K1K2 acts as a template for its own autocatalytic formation.
  • High salt concentrations promote the necessary conformation for self-catalyzed peptide coupling.
  • This study highlights the interplay between peptide structure and catalytic activity.