Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

9.3K
During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
9.3K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

26.2K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
26.2K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

31.0K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
31.0K
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

4.4K
The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
4.4K
Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

16.8K
Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
16.8K
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

2.9K
Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order...
2.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Strategic Key Performance Indicators for AI in Lead Optimization.

ChemMedChem·2026
Same author

Deciphering the Role of Oxygen in Materials for Heterogeneous Catalysis and Energy Storage: A Dive into the Oxygen K-Edge.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025
Same author

Tailoring Oxide/MAX Phase Nanocomposites via Low-Temperature Oxidation for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes: Peeking Behind the Electrochemical Mechanism via In Situ Investigations.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

Na<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>3</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub>: A Zero-Strain Sustainable Positive Electrode Material for Na-Ion Batteries.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same author

A Fe-thiolate layered metal organic framework as a high-performance electrode material for potassium-ion batteries.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2025
Same author

Horizontal cell connectivity in the anchovy retina-a 3D electron microscopic study.

BMC biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
08:45

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes

Published on: May 10, 2022

2.4K

An Iron(III)-Catechol Complex as a Mushroom Pigment.

Franz von Nussbaum1, Peter Spiteller1, Matthias Rüth1

  • 1Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität, Karlstrasse 23, D-80333 München (Germany), Fax: (+49) 89-5902-604.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The dark violet mushroom Cortinarius violaceus uses iron ink as its pigment. This pigment is a 1:2 iron(III)-catechol complex, with (R)-β-dopa as the key amino acid ligand.

Keywords:
Amino acidsDyesIronMoessbauer spectroscopyStructure elucidation

More Related Videos

Quantifying Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Type III Secretion System Activity Following Iron Starvation and Anaerobic Growth
08:36

Quantifying Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Type III Secretion System Activity Following Iron Starvation and Anaerobic Growth

Published on: May 31, 2024

936
Dynamic Light Scattering Analysis for the Determination of the Particle Size of Iron-Carbohydrate Complexes
04:40

Dynamic Light Scattering Analysis for the Determination of the Particle Size of Iron-Carbohydrate Complexes

Published on: July 7, 2023

3.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
08:45

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes

Published on: May 10, 2022

2.4K
Quantifying Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Type III Secretion System Activity Following Iron Starvation and Anaerobic Growth
08:36

Quantifying Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Type III Secretion System Activity Following Iron Starvation and Anaerobic Growth

Published on: May 31, 2024

936
Dynamic Light Scattering Analysis for the Determination of the Particle Size of Iron-Carbohydrate Complexes
04:40

Dynamic Light Scattering Analysis for the Determination of the Particle Size of Iron-Carbohydrate Complexes

Published on: July 7, 2023

3.3K

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The pigment responsible for the distinctive dark violet color of the mushroom Cortinarius violaceus has not been previously identified.
  • Understanding fungal pigments can provide insights into unique natural compounds and their applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the chemical composition of the pigment in Cortinarius violaceus.
  • To elucidate the molecular structure of the pigment complex.

Main Methods:

  • Spectroscopic analysis to determine the elemental composition of the pigment.
  • Chemical analysis to identify organic ligands associated with the metal ion.

Main Results:

  • The pigment was identified as an iron-based ink.
  • A 1:2 iron(III)-catechol complex was detected.
  • The amino acid (R)-β-dopa was identified as the ligand coordinating the iron-catechol complex.

Conclusions:

  • Cortinarius violaceus utilizes an iron-based pigment for its coloration.
  • The pigment is a novel iron(III)-catechol complex involving (R)-β-dopa, representing a unique biochemical mechanism for natural color production.