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Related Concept Videos

Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water01:16

Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water

1.9K
Pure water is a weak electrolyte; only a small amount ionizes into hydrogen and hydroxide ions. At any given temperature, the concentration of undissociated water is almost constant, so the ionic product of water is the product of the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations, denoted as Kw. The square root of Kw gives the individual ion concentrations.
The ionic product of water varies with temperature, and its value is 1.0 x 10−14 at standard experimental conditions. Per Le...
1.9K
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

37.2K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
37.2K
Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

57.7K
Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
The...
57.7K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.3K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.3K
Physical Properties Affecting Solubility02:19

Physical Properties Affecting Solubility

27.1K
Solutions of Gases in Liquids
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...
27.1K
Solubility03:00

Solubility

21.2K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
21.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Gyroid Nickel Nanostructures from Diblock Copolymer Supramolecules
08:40

Gyroid Nickel Nanostructures from Diblock Copolymer Supramolecules

Published on: April 28, 2014

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A Schizophrenic Water-Soluble Diblock Copolymer.

Shiyong Liu1, Norman C Billingham1, Steven P Armes1

  • 1School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Science University of Sussex Falmer, Brighton, E. Sussex, BN1 9QJ (UK) Fax: (+44) 1273-677-196.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A novel copolymer forms two micellar states by adjusting pH and temperature. This allows for tunable core-shell structures in aqueous solutions, useful for material science applications.

Keywords:
copolymerizationsmicellespolymerizationspolymersself-assembly

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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

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Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique
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Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique

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Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Gyroid Nickel Nanostructures from Diblock Copolymer Supramolecules
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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

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Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique
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Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Diblock copolymers self-assemble into various nanostructures in solution.
  • Controlling micellar morphology is crucial for applications in drug delivery and nanotechnology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel poly(propylene oxide)-poly[2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PPO-PDEA) diblock copolymer.
  • To investigate the formation of distinct micellar states (conventional and reverse) in aqueous media.
  • To demonstrate the influence of pH and temperature on copolymer self-assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) for copolymer synthesis.
  • Solution-based studies to observe micellar behavior.
  • Varying solution pH and temperature to induce morphological changes.

Main Results:

  • The PPO-PDEA diblock copolymer self-assembles into two distinct micellar states.
  • Conventional micelles form with the PDEA block in the core at specific pH/temperature conditions.
  • Reverse micelles form with the PPO block in the core under different pH/temperature conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The PPO-PDEA diblock copolymer exhibits tunable self-assembly behavior.
  • Simple adjustments in pH and temperature enable the formation of both conventional and reverse micelles.
  • This controlled micellization offers potential for advanced material design and applications.