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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a versatile solvent in its liquid and supercritical fluid states.
  • Supercritical CO2 exhibits tunable properties, including density and viscosity, influenced by moderate critical conditions (Tc = 31°C, Pc = 73.8 bar).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the unique solvent properties of carbon dioxide.
  • To underscore its potential as a tunable solvent for various applications.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of the physical and chemical properties of supercritical CO2.
  • Analysis of the phase diagram and critical parameters of CO2.

Main Results:

  • Supercritical CO2 possesses gas-like viscosities and liquid-like densities.
  • Minor adjustments in temperature and pressure significantly alter CO2's density, viscosity, and dielectric properties.
  • These characteristics enable CO2 to be tailored as a solvent for specific uses.

Conclusions:

  • Carbon dioxide is an advantageous solvent for numerous substances in its supercritical state.
  • Its tunable nature and moderate operating conditions position it as a preferred solvent for modern scientific and industrial applications.