Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Weak Base Solutions

Weak Base Solutions

Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...

Weak Acid Solutions

Weak Acid Solutions

Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base

Weak acids and bases do not undergo dissociation completely, and titrations between these two are rarely studied. When such studies are performed, say, for the titration of a weak acid with a weak base, the titration curve plots the change in pH as a function of the volume of base added. Take the titration of acetic acid with ammonia, for instance. During the titration, these two species form ammonium acetate and water, but the pH change is slow and gradual.
As a result, there is no simple...

Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base

Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base

Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be represented as:

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....

X-linked Traits

X-linked Traits

In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Experimental and theoretical study of field-dependent spin splitting at ferromagnetic insulator-superconductor interfaces.

Beilstein journal of nanotechnology·2022

Same author

Tendon injuries: Basic science and new repair proposals.

EFORT open reviews·2017

Same author

CENPH Inhibits Rapamycin Sensitivity by Regulating GOLPH3-dependent mTOR Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer.

Journal of Cancer·2017

Same author

Exposure to air pollution and tobacco smoking and their combined effects on depression in six low- and middle-income countries.

The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science·2017

Same author

A SIV molecular clone that targets the CNS and induces neuroAIDS in rhesus macaques.

PLoS pathogens·2017

Same author

Application of Ammonium Persulfate for Selective Oxidation of Guanines for Nucleic Acid Sequencing.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2017

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies

Published on: November 5, 2015

Tailoring supercurrent confinement in graphene bilayer weak links.

Rainer Kraft¹, Jens Mohrmann¹, Renjun Du¹

¹Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Nature Communications

|May 2, 2018

Summary

Researchers controlled supercurrents in nanoscale constrictions using local gates. This breakthrough enables precise monitoring of induced superconductivity, advancing quantum technologies like sensors and circuits.

More Related Videos

Graphene Coatings for Biomedical Implants

Graphene Coatings for Biomedical Implants

Published on: March 1, 2013

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Published on: February 1, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies

Published on: November 5, 2015

Graphene Coatings for Biomedical Implants

Graphene Coatings for Biomedical Implants

Published on: March 1, 2013

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Published on: February 1, 2022

Area of Science:

Condensed matter physics
Macroscopic quantum phenomena
Quantum technologies

Background:

The Josephson effect is a key quantum phenomenon with applications in magnetometry, metrology, quantum computing, and detectors.
Monitoring induced superconductivity spatially and by magnitude in devices remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To control and monitor the supercurrent induced in nanoscale constrictions.
To explore tunable superconducting weak links in van der Waals heterostructures.

Main Methods:

Utilizing local gates to control confinement, amplitude, and density profile of supercurrents.
Employing resistance gate maps, out-of-equilibrium transport, and magnetic interferometry.
Combining experimental measurements with analytical and numerical modeling.

Main Results:

Demonstrated precise control over supercurrents in one-dimensional nanoscale constrictions within bilayer graphene-hexagonal boron nitride heterostructures.
Successfully explored highly tunable superconducting weak links.
Established a method to monitor induced superconductivity spatially and by magnitude.

Conclusions:

The developed method allows for unprecedented control and monitoring of supercurrents.
This work paves the way for designing advanced superconducting circuits, including electronic interferometers and transition-edge sensors.