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Related Concept Videos

Emission Spectra02:39

Emission Spectra

76.5K
When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
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Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
652
Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

4.6K
Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels.  Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
4.6K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

3.7K
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
3.7K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

1.3K
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Photoacoustic Cystography
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Emissivity determination using the photoacoustic effect.

Yaqi Zhang, Gerald J Diebold

    Applied Optics
    |May 2, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a photoacoustic method to measure near-infrared emissivities of surfaces. By comparing test surfaces to a reference, relative emissivity values were accurately determined for various materials.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Thermodynamics

    Background:

    • Accurate measurement of surface emissivity is crucial for thermal management and remote sensing.
    • Existing methods for near-infrared emissivity determination can be complex or require specialized equipment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a novel method for determining near-infrared emissivity relative to a reference surface.
    • To demonstrate the utility of the photoacoustic effect for precise emissivity measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a photoacoustic cell with dual windows and synchronized chopping wheels for alternating sample and reference viewing.
    • Employed a microphone and lock-in amplifier to detect acoustic signals.
    • Varied test surface temperature to achieve a null signal, enabling relative emissivity calculation.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully determined near-infrared emissivities relative to a reference surface.
    • Reported measurement results for several plastic and metal surfaces.
    • Demonstrated the sensitivity and accuracy of the photoacoustic technique for emissivity determination.

    Conclusions:

    • The photoacoustic effect provides a viable and accurate method for relative emissivity measurements in the near-infrared spectrum.
    • This technique offers a practical approach for characterizing the thermal radiative properties of diverse materials.