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Mood and the generation effect.

Klaus Fiedler1, Stefanie Nickel1, Judith Asbeck1

  • 1a University of Heidelberg, Germany.

Cognition & Emotion
|May 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Positive mood enhances knowledge-driven (assimilative) cognitive processes, leading to better recall of mood-congruent information. However, positive mood also aids recall of all self-generated information, regardless of mood congruence, especially during retrieval.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Affective Science

Background:

  • The dual-force model posits distinct cognitive functions for positive and negative moods: assimilation (knowledge-driven) and accommodation (stimulus-driven).
  • Mood-congruent recall is often attributed to assimilation processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the dual-force model's assumptions regarding mood, assimilation, accommodation, and mood-congruent recall.
  • To investigate the role of mood during encoding versus retrieval on memory processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the generation-effect paradigm from memory research.
  • Operationalized assimilation by the ease of generating meaning from word fragments (Experiment 1).
  • Compared self-generated (assimilation) and experimenter-provided (accommodation) stimuli (Experiment 2).

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  • Manipulated mood during retrieval rather than encoding (Experiment 3).

    • Main Results:

    • Positive mood was found to support assimilation processes.
    • Assimilation, in turn, enhanced mood-congruent recall.
    • Positive mood during retrieval facilitated recall of all self-generated information, irrespective of mood congruence.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings support the dual-force framework's predictions about mood-specific cognitive functions.
    • Mood-congruent recall is influenced by assimilation, but positive mood's effects extend beyond this specific mechanism during retrieval.