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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Nanotechnology
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Three-dimensional (3D) hollow spots are crucial for applications like microscopy, lithography, and optical manufacturing.
    • Conventional optical methods for generating 3D hollow spots are often bulky, expensive, and diffraction-limited.
    • Planar lenses offer advantages in size, weight, and integration for novel optical devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a binary-phase planar lens for generating a 3D hollow spot with a cylindrical vector wave.
    • To achieve ultra-long focal length and sub-diffraction optical confinement using a planar lens.
    • To explore applications in advanced optical manipulation and manufacturing.

    Main Methods:

    • Design of a binary-phase planar lens utilizing the super-oscillation concept.
    • Generation of a 3D hollow spot with a cylindrical vector wave.
    • Experimental characterization of the hollow spot's dimensions and intensity profile.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstration of an ultra-long focal length (300λ) planar lens.
    • Formation of a 3D hollow spot with sub-diffraction transverse size (0.546λ) and longitudinal size (1.585λ).
    • Achieved a low central minimum to peak intensity ratio (<3.7%) for the hollow spot.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed binary-phase planar lens enables efficient generation of 3D hollow spots with tight optical confinement.
    • This technology offers a promising alternative to conventional optics for advanced applications.
    • Potential applications include super-resolution microscopy, nano-lithography, and optical manipulation.