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    This study improved the extinction ratio of SFS-structured interferometers by optimizing fiber core radius and refractive index. Experimental results validated theoretical predictions, enhancing practical applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Fiber Optics

    Background:

    • Axial-aligned SFS-structured interferometers offer cost-effective and stable optical sensing solutions.
    • A key challenge in these interferometers is achieving a high extinction ratio for practical applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of fiber core radius and refractive index on interferometer extinction ratio and coupling loss.
    • To achieve an extinction ratio exceeding the practical usability threshold of 15dB.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of SFS-structured interferometers.
    • Experimental investigation of fiber core radius and refractive index effects.
    • Measurement of extinction ratio and coupling loss.

    Main Results:

    • Experimental extinction ratio improved from 2dB to 7dB.
    • Observed improvements align perfectly with theoretical predictions.
    • Demonstrated the effectiveness of theoretical modeling for interferometer optimization.

    Conclusions:

    • Optimizing fiber parameters significantly enhances interferometer performance.
    • The study validates a theoretical framework for designing high-performance SFS-structured interferometers.
    • Findings pave the way for more practical and cost-effective fiber optic sensing.