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Distance Measurements by Taping01:18

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Tapes are essential in surveying for accurate, durable, and short-distance measurements. Made from lightweight, nylon-coated steel, they offer flexibility and strength for rugged outdoor use. The nylon coating protects against rust and wear, extending the tape's life. Standard lengths, around 30 meters, are marked in meters and millimeters for precision.Surveyors select tapes based on site conditions and accuracy needs. Lightweight, nylon-coated tapes are commonly used for ease of handling and...
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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over...
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In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
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When measuring distances in areas with physical obstructions, such as a lake in a field, surveyors must employ techniques to calculate accurate lengths without direct line measurements. One effective method is the offset technique, which allows for precise distance estimation over inaccessible stretches.In this scenario, a surveyor must measure a side of an area that crosses a lake. Since the measuring tape cannot span the lake, the surveyor begins by establishing a baseline that aligns with...
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Direct current (DC) refers to an electric current that flows in a single direction, maintaining a constant polarity. This is in contrast to alternating current (AC), which periodically changes its direction and magnitude. AC forms the backbone of modern electricity transmission and distribution systems due to its efficient long-distance transmission capabilities.
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Sinusoidal phase modulating absolute distance measurement interferometer combining frequency-sweeping and

Shihua Zhang, Zheyi Xu, Benyong Chen

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    |May 3, 2018
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    Summary

    This study introduces a novel absolute distance measurement interferometer. It achieves high accuracy, with errors under 1 μm over 8.25 m, by combining frequency-sweeping and multi-wavelength interferometry calibrated by an optical frequency comb.

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    Area of Science:

    • Metrology
    • Optical Engineering
    • Precision Measurement

    Background:

    • Absolute distance measurement (ADM) is crucial for various scientific and industrial applications.
    • Traditional interferometry methods often face limitations in range and accuracy.
    • Integrating frequency-sweeping interferometry (FSI) and multi-wavelength interferometry (MWI) offers a potential solution for enhanced ADM.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and experimentally validate a novel sinusoidal phase modulating ADM interferometer.
    • To leverage an optical frequency comb for precise calibration of FSI and MWI components.
    • To achieve traceable and highly accurate distance measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • A combined FSI and MWI approach was implemented using a single measurement interferometer and a parallel monitor interferometer.
    • An external cavity diode laser (ECDL) calibrated by an optical frequency comb was used for frequency sweeping and hopping.
    • A He-Ne laser was employed in the monitor interferometer to track distance fluctuations.
    • The system was calibrated using an optical frequency comb for direct traceability to the SI meter definition.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed ADM interferometer demonstrated feasibility for measurements up to 8.25 m.
    • Experimental results showed a maximum measurement error of less than 1 μm when compared to an incremental-type laser interferometer.
    • The system utilizes a simple optical structure without polarization optics.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed ADM interferometer effectively combines FSI and MWI for accurate and traceable distance measurements.
    • The use of an optical frequency comb ensures high precision and SI traceability.
    • The system's performance, with sub-micrometer error over an 8.25 m range, highlights its potential for advanced metrology applications.