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    Spectral engineering of circular-side square microlasers enhances low-order transverse modes. This optimization achieves pure dual-mode lasing and adjustable transverse mode intervals, improving microlaser performance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Semiconductor Lasers
    • Nanophotonics

    Background:

    • Microlasers are fundamental components in integrated photonics.
    • Controlling transverse modes is crucial for laser performance and spectral purity.
    • Circular-side square microlasers offer unique geometric properties for mode manipulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate spectral engineering in circular-side square microlasers.
    • To optimize parameters for suppressing high-order modes and enhancing low-order modes.
    • To achieve tunable dual-mode and single-mode lasing with high spectral purity.

    Main Methods:

    • Butt-coupling an output waveguide to a vertex of the microlaser.
    • Optimizing the deformation parameter and waveguide connection angle.
    • Experimental realization and characterization of lasing spectra.

    Main Results:

    • Suppression of undesired high-order transverse modes.
    • Enhanced mode Q factors and transverse-mode intervals for low-order modes.
    • Achieved dual-mode lasing with pure spectra (16 μm side length) and tunable intervals (0.54–5.4 nm).
    • Achieved single-mode lasing (10 μm side length) with a side-mode suppression ratio of 36 dB.

    Conclusions:

    • Spectral engineering effectively controls transverse modes in circular-side square microlasers.
    • The optimized design enables tunable dual-mode and high-performance single-mode lasing.
    • This work advances the development of advanced microlasers for photonic applications.