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    Area of Science:

    • Electromagnetism and Optics
    • Wave Phenomena
    • Metamaterials and Nanophotonics

    Background:

    • Conventional methods for generating orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex waves, such as spiral phase plates and metasurfaces, are widely studied.
    • There is a continuous need for innovative and efficient methods to generate OAM vortex waves for advanced applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a new method for generating OAM vortex waves based on transformation optics (TO).
    • To design and validate an all-dielectric microwave lens capable of producing vortex beams with a specific topological charge.

    Main Methods:

    • Solving Laplace's equation with specific boundary conditions to design a physical domain.
    • Utilizing transformation optics to imitate a gradient-shaped virtual domain for vortex beam generation upon reflection.
    • Numerical simulations to obtain far-field and near-field characteristics of the generated vortex beam.

    Main Results:

    • An oblate cylindrical shaped physical domain was designed to generate vortex beams.
    • A broadband all-dielectric microwave lens demonstrated OAM vortex beam generation with a topological charge of +1.
    • Simulations confirmed helical phase and doughnut-shaped amplitude distributions across a wide bandwidth (8-16 GHz).

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed transformation optics technique offers an effective method for converting plane waves to vortex waves.
    • This approach can significantly facilitate the implementation of OAM waves in microwave wireless communication systems.
    • The demonstrated microwave lens serves as a proof-of-concept for TO-based OAM generation.