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Parechovirus: an important emerging infection in young infants

Philip N Britton1, Cheryl A Jones2, Kristine Macartney3

  • 1University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW allen.cheng@monash.edu.

The Medical Journal of Australia
|May 3, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Human parechovirus (HPeV) causes mild to severe illness in infants, with epidemics occurring regularly. Early molecular testing is crucial for diagnosis and supportive care in young children with characteristic symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Human parechovirus (HPeV) causes recurrent epidemics in young children in Australia.
  • HPeV genotype 3 was responsible for the late 2017 to early 2018 epidemic.
  • Most infections are mild, presenting as gastroenteritis or influenza-like illness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the clinical presentations and diagnostic indications for HPeV in young children.
  • To emphasize the importance of molecular testing in infants with specific symptoms.
  • To inform healthcare providers about management and potential long-term outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of HPeV epidemic data.
  • Review of clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria for HPeV infection.
  • Summary of current treatment strategies and neurodevelopmental follow-up recommendations.

Main Results:

  • HPeV epidemics occur biennially in Australia, with genotype 3 prominent in 2017-2018.
  • Characteristic symptoms in infants include fever, irritability, and rash; severe cases involve meningoencephalitis, seizures, or sepsis.
  • Molecular testing is recommended for infants under 6 months with unexplained febrile illness, sepsis syndromes, or suspected meningoencephalitis.

Conclusions:

  • Early molecular detection of HPeV is vital for appropriate management in infants.
  • Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment, as no antiviral therapies exist.
  • Severe HPeV infections can lead to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, necessitating pediatric follow-up.

Keywords:
Child healthEncephalitis, viralSepsis

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