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Updated: Feb 11, 2026
09:30
A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol
Published on: January 18, 2018
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E-Cigarettes and the Use of Conventional Cigarettes
Matthis Morgenstern1, Alina Nies, Michaela Goecke
1Institute for Therapy and Health Research, IFT-Nord gGmbH, Kiel, Germany; Federal Center for Health Education, Cologne, Germany.
Deutsches Arzteblatt International
|May 3, 2018
Summary
Adolescents who try e-cigarettes are more likely to start smoking conventional cigarettes, even after accounting for other factors. This gateway effect appears stronger in those less prone to smoking initiation.
Area of Science:
- Adolescent health
- Tobacco control research
- Public health
Background:
- In 2015, 12.1% of German adolescents (12-17 years) had tried e-cigarettes.
- The "gateway" hypothesis suggests e-cigarette use may lead to conventional smoking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the gateway hypothesis linking e-cigarette use to conventional cigarette smoking in adolescents.
- To analyze the association between e-cigarette experimentation and the onset of smoking in never-smokers.
Main Methods:
- A 6-month longitudinal survey of 2186 never-smoking tenth-graders in Germany (mean age 15.5).
- Data collected on e-cigarette use, conventional cigarette experimentation, and various demographic, personality, and substance use factors.
- Statistical analysis, including relative risk calculation and controlling for confounders.
Main Results:
- 14.3% of participants had tried e-cigarettes at baseline.
- 12.3% initiated conventional cigarette experimentation by study's end.
- E-cigarette users had a 2.2 times higher risk of starting conventional smoking, even after controlling for multiple variables.
- The association was stronger in adolescents with lower sensation-seeking and no alcohol intoxication experience.
Conclusions:
- Adolescent e-cigarette experimentation is associated with a higher likelihood of initiating conventional cigarette smoking.
- This gateway effect may be more pronounced in adolescents with a generally lower predisposition to smoking.
- The 6-month study duration is insufficient to establish a link to tobacco dependence.
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