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Galectins at a glance.

Ludger Johannes1, Ralf Jacob2, Hakon Leffler3

  • 1Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France ludger.johannes@curie.fr jacob@staff.uni-marburg.de hakon.leffler@med.lu.se.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Galectins, a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins, perform diverse physiological roles and are implicated in diseases. Understanding their varied intra- and extracellular functions is key to comprehending cell physiology.

Keywords:
EndocytosisGalectinGlycosylation

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Galectins are a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins with diverse physiological roles.
  • These proteins are implicated in various diseases, including inflammation, fibrosis, cancer, and heart disease.
  • The extensive functions of this small protein family present a significant scientific challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent literature on the cellular activities of galectins.
  • To explore the mechanisms underlying galectin functions, including both carbohydrate-dependent and -independent interactions.
  • To discuss the link between intra- and extracellular galectin activities and their contribution to cell physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on galectin functions.
  • Analysis of carbohydrate-dependent and -independent interactions.
  • Discussion of molecular mechanisms and organismal functions.

Main Results:

  • Galectins exhibit a wide range of cellular activities, including roles in inflammation, immune responses, cell migration, autophagy, and signaling.
  • These activities involve both extracellular, carbohydrate-dependent interactions with glycoconjugates and intracellular, carbohydrate-independent interactions with cytosolic or nuclear targets.
  • Recent literature highlights the complexity and diversity of galectin functions.

Conclusions:

  • Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of galectin function is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of their physiological roles.
  • Further research into galectin's intra- and extracellular activities and their interplay is needed.
  • Addressing the challenges in the field will advance our knowledge of galectin contributions to cell physiology and organismal functions.