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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

10.9K
The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
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C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

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Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Null and Alternative Hypotheses01:16

Null and Alternative Hypotheses

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The actual hypothesis testing begins by considering two hypotheses. They are termed  the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. These hypotheses contain opposing viewpoints.
The null hypothesis, denoted by H0 is a statement of no difference between the variables—they are not related. This can often be considered the status quo. As  a result if you cannot accept the null, it requires some action.
The alternative hypothesis, denoted by H1 or Ha, is a claim about the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Lighting Up the Pathways to Caspase Activation Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation
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Lighting Up the Pathways to Caspase Activation Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation

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The Complement Alternative Pathway and Preeclampsia.

Layan Alrahmani1, Maria Alice V Willrich2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Current Hypertension Reports
|May 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preeclampsia may stem from immune system maladaptation involving the complement alternative pathway (CAP). Identifying complement-mediated cases through standardized diagnostics could pave the way for targeted therapies.

Keywords:
Alternative pathwayComplementComplement genetic variantsHELLP syndromePreeclampsia

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Immunology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Pregnancy involves complex immune adaptations crucial for its success.
  • Preeclampsia, a serious pregnancy disorder, is partly linked to maternal immune maladaptation.
  • Complement alternative pathway (CAP) disorders are implicated in preeclampsia pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on case reports, diagnostics, and treatments for CAP disorders in preeclampsia.
  • To explore the role of immune maladaptation in preeclampsia.
  • To highlight the connection between complement dysregulation and preeclampsia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on case reports, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic strategies.
  • Analysis of existing evidence on complement alternative pathway involvement in preeclampsia.
  • Examination of diagnostic approaches including functional and genetic testing.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests complement dysregulation in preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome, mirroring thrombotic microangiopathies.
  • Functional and genetic testing can identify complement dysregulation.
  • Standardized diagnostics may reveal complement-mediated preeclampsia/HELLP syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • Complement dysregulation is implicated in preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.
  • Standardized diagnostic approaches are needed to identify complement-mediated cases.
  • Future treatments may involve complement-targeted therapies for severe preeclampsia.