Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biodiversity and Human Values01:24

Biodiversity and Human Values

17.1K
Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.
17.1K
Professional Values01:29

Professional Values

10.8K
Nurses are responsible for caring for patients during birth, death, illness, and healing. Professional values guide the decisions and actions that nurses make in their careers. If nurses know the decisions and actions to take, providing patients with exceptional care is possible.
The values that are the foundation of the nursing profession are altruism, autonomy, human dignity, and social justice.
First, altruism refers to the concern for the welfare and well-being of others without personal...
10.8K
Critical Values01:31

Critical Values

10.4K
A critical value is a definite value obtained from a particular probability distribution at a predecided confidence level (or a predecided significance level) for a given population parameter. The critical value provides demarcation that separates the sample statistics that are likely to occur from the ones that are unlikely to occur based on the given probability distribution and the population parameter to be estimated. The critical value for normal distribution is obtained from the z...
10.4K
The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength02:18

The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength

15.2K
The equilibrium binding constant (Kb) quantifies the strength of a protein-ligand interaction. Kb can be calculated as follows when the reaction is at equilibrium:
15.2K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

31.0K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
31.0K
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

50.7K
Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
50.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Brain delivery of proteins with shuttle peptides.

Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.)·2026
Same author

Molecular analysis of 3D domain swapping in the acylphosphatase from Escherichia coli.

Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology·2026
Same author

Neutralizing nanobodies against SARS-CoV-2 recognizing highly conserved epitopes at the Spike's S2 subunit.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

Understanding domain swapping in the c-Src SH3 domain through hinge-loop mutagenesis.

Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology·2025
Same author

Potent HIV-1 miniprotein inhibitors targeting highly conserved gp41 epitopes.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2025
Same author

The impact of oncogenic mutations of the viral Src kinase on the structure and stability of the SH3 domain.

Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals
08:54

Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 25, 2016

8.9K

Orthorhombic lysozyme crystallization at acidic pH values driven by phosphate binding.

Marina Plaza-Garrido1, M Carmen Salinas-Garcia1, Ana Camara-Artigas1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3) and CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento, 04120 Almeria, Spain.

Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Structural Biology
|May 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Orthorhombic lysozyme structure reveals phosphate ion binding to Arg14 and His15, stabilizing the protein. This interaction influences protein conformation and may affect studies on protein crystallization and amyloid formation.

Keywords:
X-ray crystallographylow humiditylysozymephosphate bindingpolymorphism

More Related Videos

Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of the IKK-binding Domain of NEMO
13:02

Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of the IKK-binding Domain of NEMO

Published on: December 28, 2019

7.9K
Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
11:42

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

8.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals
08:54

Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 25, 2016

8.9K
Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of the IKK-binding Domain of NEMO
13:02

Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of the IKK-binding Domain of NEMO

Published on: December 28, 2019

7.9K
Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
11:42

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

8.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Lysozyme is a model protein for crystallization and amyloid formation studies.
  • Understanding lysozyme's structural dynamics is crucial for interpreting experimental results.
  • Anion interactions can influence protein structure and function, particularly at acidic pH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the crystal structure of orthorhombic lysozyme at acidic pH (4.5) and low phosphate concentration.
  • To investigate the effect of phosphate binding on lysozyme conformation and stability.
  • To analyze structural changes in lysozyme under varying humidity and pH conditions.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray crystallography was used to obtain the high-resolution structure of orthorhombic lysozyme.
  • Crystals were grown using sodium chloride as a precipitant with low sodium phosphate concentration.
  • Comparative analysis of lysozyme structures obtained at different pH and humidity levels.

Main Results:

  • A high-resolution structure (better than 1 Å) of orthorhombic lysozyme was determined at 298 K and pH 4.5.
  • A phosphate ion was identified bound to Arg14 and His15, stabilizing the protein by shielding electrostatic repulsion.
  • Phosphate binding induced conformational changes in the Ser60-Asn74 loop.
  • A low-humidity variant showed a 1.5 Å displacement of the fifth α-helix towards the active site.

Conclusions:

  • Phosphate ion binding enhances lysozyme stability and alters its conformation.
  • Structural changes, including α-helix displacement, may be relevant to protein function.
  • Anion interactions, especially at acidic pH, are critical factors to consider in lysozyme-based research, including protein crystallization and amyloid formation studies.