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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
619
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

365
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
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Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management01:28

Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management

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Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a condition where the mitral valve does not close properly, leading to the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole. This condition can arise from various causes, including rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis, or degenerative valve disease. Effective nursing management is crucial to optimizing patient outcomes and involves comprehensive assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed...
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Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

525
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
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Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

120.1K
The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

692
IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
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An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat

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Mitral regurgitation: anatomy is destiny.

Constantine L Athanasuleas1, Alfred W H Stanley2, Gerald D Buckberg3

  • 1Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
|May 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Mitral regurgitation (MR) can lead to heart failure through left ventricular remodeling. A

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High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart
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High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart

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A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
07:42

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat

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High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart
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High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart

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A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Mitral regurgitation (MR) involves complex interactions between the mitral valve and left ventricle (LV).
  • Progressive MR causes left ventricular (LV) remodeling, leading to a globular shape and potential heart failure.
  • LV end-systolic volume index > 55 ml/m2 is linked to heart failure and arrhythmias, persisting even after annular MR correction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the process of left ventricular remodeling in mitral regurgitation.
  • To summarize interventions that address LV volume reduction and shape restoration.
  • To introduce a 'valve/ventricle' approach for comprehensive MR management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the pathophysiology of MR-induced LV remodeling.
  • Analysis of current and evolving interventional strategies for MR.
  • Conceptual framework development for the 'valve/ventricle' approach.

Main Results:

  • MR progression leads to LV dilation and loss of its elliptical shape, progressing to heart failure.
  • Isolated annular correction of MR may not reverse adverse LV remodeling.
  • The 'valve/ventricle' approach targets both the mitral apparatus and ventricular remodeling.

Conclusions:

  • Effective MR management requires addressing both the valve and the remodeled ventricle.
  • Restoring the LV's elliptical shape is crucial for preventing heart failure and arrhythmias.
  • The 'valve/ventricle' approach offers a more holistic strategy for treating advanced MR.