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Related Concept Videos

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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When freshly poured concrete is exposed to freezing temperatures before it has set, the water within the concrete can freeze. This expansion disrupts the setting process, delays chemical reactions necessary for hardening, and increases the volume of pores within the hardened concrete, which weakens its overall structure. If the concrete manages to reach an appreciable strength before it freezes, the damage can be somewhat mitigated.
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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
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Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions01:21

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In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Design and Analysis of Temperature Preference Behavior and its Circadian Rhythm in Drosophila
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Cold Temperatures Fire up Circadian Neurons.

Annika F Barber1, Amita Sehgal1

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Cell Metabolism
|May 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Fruit flies possess clock neurons that detect temperature changes, influencing their daily rhythms and sleep patterns. This discovery reveals a new mechanism for how environmental temperature affects circadian clocks.

Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Drosophila melanogaster research

Background:

  • Circadian clocks synchronize organismal physiology and behavior with environmental cycles, primarily light and temperature.
  • Environmental temperature fluctuations are known to influence circadian rhythms, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Discussion:

  • A specific subset of Drosophila clock neurons exhibits calcium signaling in response to temperature variations.
  • These temperature-sensitive clock neurons play a crucial role in mediating the impact of ambient temperature on circadian entrainment and sleep regulation.

Key Insights:

  • Identification of a novel thermosensory circuit within the Drosophila circadian system.
  • Demonstration that intracellular calcium dynamics in clock neurons are modulated by temperature.

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  • Establishment of a direct link between temperature input, specific neuronal responses, and behavioral outputs like sleep and entrainment.

    • Outlook:

    • Further investigation into the molecular components of these thermosensory clock neurons.
    • Exploring the conservation of temperature-sensing mechanisms in circadian clocks across different species.
    • Understanding the broader implications for thermoregulation and seasonal adaptations in circadian systems.