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Risk Factors of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Habibolah Khazaie1, Farshid Eghbali1, Houshang Amirian1

  • 1Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry
|May 3, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is linked to a high prevalence of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children. Risk factors include male sex, low parental education, neonatal sepsis, family history of NE, low birth weight, and C-section delivery.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Child Psychiatry
  • Urology

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) negatively impacts the resolution of incontinence.
  • Limited research exists on nocturnal enuresis (NE) risk factors in children with ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of NE in children diagnosed with ADHD.
  • To identify specific risk factors associated with NE in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 331 children aged 6-10 years with ADHD was studied.
  • ADHD diagnoses were confirmed using DSM-IV-TR criteria.
  • NE was defined as nighttime wetting (with or without daytime wetting) occurring at least twice weekly for 3+ months in children aged 5+ without anatomical abnormalities.

Main Results:

  • The inattentional subtype of ADHD showed the highest NE prevalence (77.5%).
  • Significant risk factors for NE included a history of familial enuresis, cesarean delivery, and neonatal sepsis.
  • Lower birth weight and lower parental education levels were also associated with increased NE rates.

Conclusions:

  • Children with ADHD exhibit a high prevalence of NE.
  • Identified risk factors for NE in ADHD children include male sex, low parental education, neonatal sepsis, familial history of NE, low birth weight, and cesarean delivery.
  • The inattentional ADHD subtype is particularly associated with NE.
Abstract

Keywords:
ADHDnocturnal enuresisrisk factors

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