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Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Protein Networks02:26

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An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
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Equations of Motion: Rectangular Coordinates and Cylindrical Coordinates01:21

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Understanding the motion of particles is a fundamental aspect of classical mechanics, and the choice of the coordinate system plays a pivotal role in unraveling the complexities of their dynamics.
When a particle moves relative to an inertial frame, the equations of motion can be expressed using rectangular components. If the motion is confined to the x-y plane, the equations having the x and y coordinates only can be used to simplify the mathematical representation.
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Analyzing the Size, Shape, and Directionality of Networks of Coupled Astrocytes
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Readily accessible shape-memory effect in a porous interpenetrated coordination network.

Mohana Shivanna1, Qing-Yuan Yang1, Alankriti Bajpai1

  • 1Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Republic of Ireland.

Science Advances
|May 3, 2018
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Summary

This study introduces a novel porous coordination network, X-pcu-3-Zn-3i, demonstrating a sorbate-induced shape-memory effect triggered by multiple gases. This discovery advances the field of smart porous materials and crystal engineering.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Shape-memory effects are well-established in bulk materials.
  • Reported examples of shape-memory effects in porous materials are scarce.
  • Previous studies identified only one porous material exhibiting sorbate-induced shape-memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the second example of a porous coordination network with a sorbate-induced shape-memory effect.
  • To present the first instance where multiple sorbates (N2, CO2, CO) induce this phenomenon.
  • To elucidate the structural basis of the shape-memory effect in this new material.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a new threefold interpenetrated pcu network, [Zn2(4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylate)2(1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)benzene)]n (X-pcu-3-Zn-3i).
  • Characterization using single-crystal and in situ powder X-ray diffraction.
  • Analysis of sorption isotherms and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Main Results:

  • X-pcu-3-Zn-3i exhibits three distinct phases: α (as-synthesized), β (activated), and γ (shape-memory).
  • The γ phase is kinetically stable, reverting to β only upon heating (>400 K) under vacuum.
  • The α phase can be regenerated by soaking the γ phase in N,N'-dimethylformamide.
  • Structural insights into interpenetrated network interactions were obtained via X-ray crystallography.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a detailed understanding of the structure-function relationships governing the shape-memory phenomenon in X-pcu-3-Zn-3i.
  • This work offers crystal engineering principles for designing novel shape-memory porous materials.
  • The findings expand the scope of sorbate-induced shape-memory effects in advanced porous materials.